夹层玻璃
1.材料组成：两层或多层玻璃、中间膜（PVB、SGP、EVA、PU等）
2.特点：
a.光学性能好；
b.防紫外线；
c.隔音、隔热等；
d.安全，破碎后仍粘结在一起
Laminated glass
1.Material composition :Two or more layers of glass, intermediate film (PVB、SGP、EVA、PU and so on )
2.Characteristic:
a. good optical performance.
b. anti-UV.
c. noise, heat insulation, etc .
d. safe, still stick together after crushing.
Laminated glass
1.Material composition :Two or more layers of glass, intermediate film (PVB、SGP、EVA、PU and so on )
2.Characteristic:
a. good optical performance.
b. anti-UV.
c. noise, heat insulation, etc .
d. safe, still stick together after crushing.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
半钢化夹层
1.材料组成：两层或多层玻璃、中间膜（PVB、SGP、EVA、PU等）
2.特点：兼备夹层玻璃和钢化玻璃的部分特点。"
Semi-tempered Laminated Glass
1. Material composition : Two or more layers of glass, intermediate film (PVB、SGP、EVA、PU and so on )
2. Characteristic: Both laminated glass and tempered glass part of the features.
Semi-tempered Laminated Glass
1. Material composition : Two or more layers of glass, intermediate film (PVB、SGP、EVA、PU and so on )
2. Characteristic: Both laminated glass and tempered glass part of the features.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
中空玻璃
1.材料组成：两层或多层平板玻璃、干燥气体、密封条、玻璃条粘接等
2.特点：
a.光学性能好；
b.保温隔热；
c.防结露；
d.隔音
Insulating glass
1. Material composition : Two or more layers of flat glass, dry gas, seals, glass bonding and so on.
2. Characteristic:
a. good optical performance.
b. Insulation.
c. anti-condensation.
d. Sound insulation.
Insulating glass
1. Material composition : Two or more layers of flat glass, dry gas, seals, glass bonding and so on.
2. Characteristic:
a. good optical performance.
b. Insulation.
c. anti-condensation.
d. Sound insulation.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
防弹玻璃
1.材料组成：多层玻璃、中间膜（PVB、SGP、EVA、PU等）
2.特点：
a.透明；
b.防弹、防爆。
Bullet-proof glass
1. Material composition : More layers of glass, intermediate film (PVB、SGP、EVA、PU and so on )
2. Characteristic:
a.transparent;
b. Bulletproof, explosion proof.
Bullet-proof glass
1. Material composition : More layers of glass, intermediate film (PVB、SGP、EVA、PU and so on )
2. Characteristic:
a.transparent;
b. Bulletproof, explosion proof.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
钢化玻璃
1.材料组成：单层玻璃
2.特点：
a.机械强度高；
b.自爆；
c.热稳定性好；
d.碎后不易伤人。
Tempered Glass
1.Material composition :Single glass
2.Characteristic:
a. High mechanical strength;
b. Glass can blew;
c. Good thermal stability;
d. Not easy to hurt broken people.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
玻璃特性
Glass Characteristics
Glass Characteristics
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前挡(钢化)
Tempered Windshield (TFW)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前挡(夹层)
Laminated Windshield (LFW)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前挡上(钢化)
Tempered Windshield Upper Glass (TFWU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前挡下(钢化)
Tempered Windshield Down Glass (TFWD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前挡上(夹层)
Laminated Windshield Upper Glass (LFWU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前挡下(夹层)
Laminated Windshield Down Glass (LFWD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前挡
Windshiled
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前天窗
Sun Roof Front Glass (RFF)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
中天窗
Sun Roof Middle Glass (RFM)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后天窗
Sun Roof Rear Glass (RFR)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
天窗
Sunroof
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
驾驶门后
Driver Door Rear Glass (CDR)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后门
Rear Door Glass (RD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
乘客门下
Passenger Door Down Glass (PDD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
乘客门上
Passenger Door Upper Glass (PDU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
乘客门
Passenger Door Glass (PD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧门后
Side Door Rear Glass (SDR)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧门中
Side Door Middle Glass (SDM)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧门前
Side Door Front Glass (SDF)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧门
Side Door Glass (SD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
驾驶门下
Driver Door Down Glass (CDD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
驾驶门上
Driver Door Upper Glass (CDU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门
Front Door Glass (FD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
驾驶门前
Driver Door Front Glass (CDF)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门下（带角窗）
Front Door With Ventilator Type Down Glass (VFDD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门上（带角窗）
Front Door With Ventilator Type Upper Glass (VFDU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门（带角窗）
Front Door With Ventilator Type (VFD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门（带后视镜）
Front Door With Mirror Type (MFD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门下
Front Door Down Glass (FDD/FQD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门上
Front Door Upper Glass (FDU/FQU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门后
Front Door Rear Glass (FDR)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前门前
Front Door Front Glass (FDF)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
门玻璃
Door Glass
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
中侧窗
Middle Side Window Glass (SM)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后尾窗
Opera Window Glass (OW)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后侧窗
Rear Quarter Glass (RQ)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后角窗
Rear Door Ventilator Glass (RV)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后侧窗
Rear Side Window Glass (SR)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后侧下
Rear Quarter Down Glass (RQD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后侧上
Rear Quarter Upper Glass (RQU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后侧后
Rear Side Window Rear Glass (SRR)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后侧中
Rear Side Window Middle Glass (SRM)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后侧前
Rear Side Window Front Glass (SRF)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前角窗
Front Ventilator Glass (FV/FQ)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧窗下
Side Window Down Glass (SWD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧窗上
Side Window Upper Glass (SWU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧窗
Side Window Glass (SW)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前侧后
Front Side Window Rear Glass (SFR)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前侧中
Front Side Window Middle Glass (SFM)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前侧前
Front Side Window Front Glass (SFF)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前侧窗
Front Side Window Glass (SF)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前角窗下
Front Ventilator Down Glass (FVD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
前角窗上
Front Ventilator Upper Glass (FVU)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
侧窗
Sidelite
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后挡（钢化）
Tempered Backlight (TRW)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后挡（夹层）
Laminated Backlight (LRW)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后背门
Backlight Door (BD)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后挡侧
Backlight Side Glass (RS)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后挡中
Backlight Centre Glass (RC)
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
后挡
Backlite
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
装车位置
Loading Position
Loading Position
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
汽车玻璃产品类
Automotive Glass
Automotive Glass
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
感应器
1.材料组成：EPOXY+POLY+(PBT+GF)或COC塑料+3M胶等材料
2.特点：
a.接收或感应信号；
b.汽车前挡常用感应器涉及雨感器、温湿度感应器、光感器。
Sensor
1. Material composition : EPOXY,POLY,(PBT+GF)
or COC plastic,3M and so on.
2. Characteristic:
a. Receive or sense signals.
b. Sensor of windshield includes rain sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors.
Sensor
1. Material composition : EPOXY,POLY,(PBT+GF)
or COC plastic,3M and so on.
2. Characteristic:
a. Receive or sense signals.
b. Sensor of windshield includes rain sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
温湿度感应器
1.材料组成：(PBT+GF)+POLY+EPOXY
2.特点：
a.将温度和湿度转化成电信号；
b.常用于感应车内温湿度。
Temperature and humidity sensor
1. Material composition :(PBT+GF), POLY, EPOXY
2. Characteristic:
a. Convert temperature and humidity into electrical signals.
b. Commonly used in induction car temperature and humidity.
Temperature and humidity sensor
1. Material composition :(PBT+GF), POLY, EPOXY
2. Characteristic:
a. Convert temperature and humidity into electrical signals.
b. Commonly used in induction car temperature and humidity.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
光感器
1.材料组成：COC塑料注塑+3M 4915胶等
2.特点：
a.在受到可见光照射后即产生光电效应，将光信号转换成电信号输出；
b.常用于感应车内光线强度，自动控制车内照明灯。
Light sensor
1.Material composition :COC plastic and 3M 4915 glue and so on.
2.Characteristic:
a. After being exposed to visible light, a photoelectric effect is generated, and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and output.
b. Commonly used to sense the light intensity inside the car, the sensor automatically controls the interior lights.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
摄像支架
1.材料组成：锌合金+电泳或PBT/PA66+GF/GB、ABS等塑料
2.特点：
a. 用于摄像头的安装与固定；
b.一个支架可安装1个或多个摄像头。
Camera bracket
1. Material composition : Zinc alloy ,electrophoresis or PBT/PA66, GF/GB, ABS and so on.
2. Characteristic:
a. Used for camera installation and fixed.
b. One bracket can hold one or more cameras.
Camera bracket
1. Material composition : Zinc alloy ,electrophoresis or PBT/PA66, GF/GB, ABS and so on.
2. Characteristic:
a. Used for camera installation and fixed.
b. One bracket can hold one or more cameras.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
底座
1.材料组成：锌合金、铝合金、不锈钢粉末烧结
2.特点：
a.粘结于汽车前挡；
b.常用于后视镜的固定。
Mirror Base
1. Material composition : Zinc alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel powder sintering.
2. Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield;
b. Commonly used for rear-view mirror fixation.
Mirror Base
1. Material composition : Zinc alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel powder sintering.
2. Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield;
b. Commonly used for rear-view mirror fixation.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
包边条
1.材料组成：PVC/EPDM/TPE/(PP+TPE)+自带3M胶
2.特点：
a.常粘结于汽车前挡风玻璃；
b.起到玻璃与车身之间的缓冲作用；
c.方便装车,如水箱。
Moulding strip
1.Material composition :PVC, EPDM, TPE, (PP+TPE), 3M glue.
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. It can play the role of buffer between the glass and the body.
c. Convenient loading, such as tank installation.
Moulding strip
1.Material composition :PVC, EPDM, TPE, (PP+TPE), 3M glue.
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. It can play the role of buffer between the glass and the body.
c. Convenient loading, such as tank installation.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
托架
1.材料组成：PBT+GF、PA66+GF
2.特点：
a.常粘结于汽车边窗玻璃；
b.有助于实现汽车边窗的升降。
Bracket
1.Material composition :PBT+GF、PA66+GF.
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. It helps to achieve the car glass lift.
Bracket
1.Material composition :PBT+GF、PA66+GF.
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. It helps to achieve the car glass lift.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
接头
1.材料组成：铜舌片、镀锡铜箔、铜芯电线、铜端子和塑料的连接器胶盒
2.特点：
a.采用焊接方式与玻璃连接；
b.用于通电加热及夹丝天线等。
Connector
1. Material composition : tongue pieces, tin-plated copper, copper wire, copper terminals and plastic connector boxes.
2. Characteristic:
a. Using welding methods, connectors and glass connection.
b. For heating and wire antenna.
Connector
1. Material composition : tongue pieces, tin-plated copper, copper wire, copper terminals and plastic connector boxes.
2. Characteristic:
a. Using welding methods, connectors and glass connection.
b. For heating and wire antenna.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
加热膜
1.材料组成：耐高温PE
2.特点：
a.常粘结于汽车前挡；
b.实现对某个附件的有效加热，如摄像头。
Heating film
1.Material composition:high temperature PE
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. Enable effective heating of some accessories, such as camera.
Heating film
1.Material composition:high temperature PE
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. Enable effective heating of some accessories, such as camera.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
钉柱
1.材料组成：PBT/PA66+GF、ABS等塑料
2.特点：
a.常用于前挡、后挡等；
b.方便装车及固定。
Pin
1.Material composition: PBT, PA66+GF, ABS and so on.
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield, Backlight and so on.
b. Convenient loading and fixed.
Pin
1.Material composition: PBT, PA66+GF, ABS and so on.
2.Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield, Backlight and so on.
b. Convenient loading and fixed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
支架
1.材料组成：PBT/PA66+GF/GB、ABS等塑料、锌合金+电泳、不锈钢冷轧板等
2.特点：
a.粘结于汽车前挡；
b.实现多附件集成安装、有序美观。
Bracket
1. Material composition: PBT, PA66+GF, ABS, Zinc alloy, electrophoresis, stainless steel cold-rolled plate etc.
2. Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. To achieve integrated installation of multiple accessories, orderly and beautiful.
Bracket
1. Material composition: PBT, PA66+GF, ABS, Zinc alloy, electrophoresis, stainless steel cold-rolled plate etc.
2. Characteristic:
a. Glued to windshield.
b. To achieve integrated installation of multiple accessories, orderly and beautiful.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
雨感器
1.材料组成：COC+3M 4915胶
2.特点：
a.接收或感应信号；
b.根据雨量的大小自动的开关，并自动调节雨刮速度。
Rain sensor
1.Material composition :COC plastic and 3M 4915 glue.
2.Characteristic:
a. Receive or sense signals.
b. Depending on the amount of rain, the sensor controls the switch and automatically adjusts the wiper speed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
汽车玻璃附件类
Accessory
Accessory
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
诺森
NEUSON
NEUSON
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
卡特彼勒
CATERPILLAR
CATERPILLAR
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
日立（工程机械）
HITACHI
HITACHI
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
约翰迪尔
JOHN DEERE
JOHN DEERE
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
杰西博
JCB
JCB
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
神钢
KOBELCO
KOBELCO
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
久保田
KUBOTA
KUBOTA
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
曼尼通
MANITOU
MANITOU
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
麦赛福格森
MASSEY FERGUSON
MASSEY FERGUSON
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
凯斯
CASE
CASE
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
纽荷兰
NEW HOLLAND
NEW HOLLAND
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
三星
SAMSUNG
SAMSUNG
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
竹内
TAKEUCHI
TAKEUCHI
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
维美德
VALTRA VALMET
VALTRA VALMET
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
小松
KOMATSU
KOMATSU
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
舍科马
Secma
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
劳斯莱斯
ROLLS-ROYCE
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
塔塔
TATA
TATA
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
绅宝
SAAB
SAAB
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
斯堪尼亚
SCANIA
SCANIA
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
赛恩
SCION
SCION
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
西雅特
SEAT
SEAT
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
斯柯达
SKODA
SKODA
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
双龙
SSANGYONG
SSANGYONG
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
斯巴鲁
SUBARU
SUBARU
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
铃木
SUZUKI
SUZUKI
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
罗孚
ROVER
ROVER
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
特斯拉
TESLA
TESLA
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
丰田
TOYOTA
TOYOTA
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
凯旋
TRIUMPH
TRIUMPH
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
大众
VOLKSWAGEN
VOLKSWAGEN
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
沃尔沃
VOLVO
VOLVO
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
西星
WESTERN STAR
WESTERN STAR
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
埃尔曼
AIRMAN
AIRMAN
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
国际品牌
Foreign Brand
Foreign Brand
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
上汽
SAIC
SAIC
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
华泰
HAWTAI
HAWTAI
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
海格
HIGER
HIGER
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
江淮
JAC
JAC
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
金杯
JINBEI
JINBEI
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江铃
JMC
JMC
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九龙
JOYLONG
JOYLONG
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金龙
KINGLONG
KINGLONG
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力帆
LIFAN
LIFAN
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纳智捷
LUXGEN
LUXGEN
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中国名爵
MG CHN
MG CHN
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观致
QOROS
QOROS
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荣威
ROEWE
ROEWE
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汉腾
HANTENG AUTOS
HANTENG AUTOS
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曙光
SG Auto
SG Auto
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东南
SOUTHEAST
SOUTHEAST
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斯威
SWM
SWM
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华菱
VALIN
VALIN
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启辰
VENUCIA
VENUCIA
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五菱
WULING-SGMW
WULING-SGMW
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野马
YEMA AUTO
YEMA AUTO
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宇通
YUTONG
YUTONG
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中通
ZHONGTONG
ZHONGTONG
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众泰
ZOTYE
ZOTYE
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中兴
ZXAUTO
ZXAUTO
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一汽
FAW
FAW
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北汽
BAIC MOTOR
BAIC MOTOR
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北京吉普
BJC
BJC
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比速
BISU AUTO
BISU AUTO
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百路佳
BONLUCK
BONLUCK
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宝沃
BORGWARD
BORGWARD
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华晨
BRILLIANCE
BRILLIANCE
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比亚迪
BYD
BYD
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长丰
CHANGFENG
CHANGFENG
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昌河
CHANGHE
CHANGHE
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奇瑞
CHERY
CHERY
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中国重汽
CNHTC
CNHTC
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东风
DONGFENG
DONGFENG
其他语言
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安源
ANYUAN
ANYUAN
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丰泰
FENGTAI-BCI
FENGTAI-BCI
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福田
FOTON
FOTON
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福汽
FQT MOTO
FQT MOTO
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广汽吉奥
GAC GONOW
GAC GONOW
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广汽传祺
GAC TRUMPCHE
GAC TRUMPCHE
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吉利
GEELY
GEELY
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小金龙
GOLDEN DRAGON
GOLDEN DRAGON
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长城
GREAT WALL
GREAT WALL
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陆地方舟
GreenWheel
GreenWheel
其他语言
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哈飞
HAFEI
HAFEI
其他语言
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海马
HAIMA
HAIMA
其他语言
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中国品牌
China Domestic Brand
China Domestic Brand
其他语言
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汽车品牌
Vehicle Brand
Vehicle Brand
其他语言
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五门掀背式
5 Doors Hatch-Back
5 Doors Hatch-Back
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五门溜背式
5 Doors Lift-Back
5 Doors Lift-Back
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两门跑车
2 Doors Coupe
2 Doors Coupe
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两门敞篷跑车
2 Doors Convertible
2 Doors Convertible
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五门旅行车
5 Doors Wagon
5 Doors Wagon
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五门MPV
5 Doors MPV
5 Doors MPV
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五门SUV
5 Doors SUV
5 Doors SUV
其他语言
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五门运送车
5 Doors Van
5 Doors Van
其他语言
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四门皮卡
4 Doors Pick-Up
其他语言
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轻型货车
Light-Duty
其他语言
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重型货车
Heavy-Duty
其他语言
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中型货车
Medium-Duty
其他语言
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长途大巴
Coach
其他语言
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城际巴士
Intercity
其他语言
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城市公交
Citybus
其他语言
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小型巴士
Minibus
其他语言
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汽车类型
Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type
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纸箱
1.材料组成：纸板+胶合板+铁管+螺钉
2.特点：
a.免熏蒸
b.密封性强，操作方便
c.重量轻，外形美观
d.可用于铁路运输、公路运输、水运等方式
Carton
1.Material composition : paperboard+plywood+iron tube+screw
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
b Strong sealing and convenient operation
c Light weight and beautiful appearance
d Can be shipped by rail, highway and water transport , etc.
Carton
1.Material composition : paperboard+plywood+iron tube+screw
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
b Strong sealing and convenient operation
c Light weight and beautiful appearance
d Can be shipped by rail, highway and water transport , etc.
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纸箱-托盘
1.材料组成：胶合板
2.特点：
a.免熏蒸
Carton-pallet
1.Material composition :plywood
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
Carton-pallet
1.Material composition :plywood
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
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纸箱-箱盖
1.材料组成：纸板+胶合板
2.特点：
a.免熏蒸
Carton-case cover
1.Material composition :paperboard+plywood
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
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纸箱-前围板
1.材料组成：纸板+胶合板
2.特点：
a.免熏蒸
Carton- Crowl Panel
1.Material composition :paperboard+plywood
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
Carton- Crowl Panel
1.Material composition :paperboard+plywood
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
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纸箱-后围板
1.材料组成：纸板+胶合板+铁管
2.特点：
a.免熏蒸
Carton-Back Panel
1.Material composition : paperboard+plywood+iron tube
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
Carton-Back Panel
1.Material composition : paperboard+plywood+iron tube
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
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纸箱-铁管
1.材料组成：铁方管
2.特点：
a.免熏蒸
b.支撑玻璃，提升纸箱强度
Carton-iron tube
1.Material composition : Iron square tube
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
b Supporting glass to improve carton strength
Carton-iron tube
1.Material composition : Iron square tube
2.Characteristic:
a Fumigation-free
b Supporting glass to improve carton strength
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木箱
1.材料组成：松木、杨木、杉木及其它韧性较好的板材
2.特点：
a.出口时，板材需熏蒸或热处理
b.可用于铁路运输、公路运输、水运等方式
Wooden Case
1.Material composition :pine ,poplar ,cedarwood and other panel that has a high ductility
2.Characteristic:
a The panel need to be fumigated or heat treated when exporting
b Can be shipped by rail, highway and water transport , etc.
Wooden Case
1.Material composition :pine ,poplar ,cedarwood and other panel that has a high ductility
2.Characteristic:
a The panel need to be fumigated or heat treated when exporting
b Can be shipped by rail, highway and water transport , etc.
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包装箱
Packing Box
Packing Box
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纸袋
1.材料组成：里纸、面纸、瓦纸和淀粉胶
2.特点：
装箱方便、提携方便
3.用于客户要求纸袋装的产品
Paper bag
1.Material composition : inner paper ,facestock ,tile paper and starch glue
2.Characteristic:
Convenient packing and carrying
3.Using for the product that customer requires paper bag.
Paper bag
1.Material composition : inner paper ,facestock ,tile paper and starch glue
2.Characteristic:
Convenient packing and carrying
3.Using for the product that customer requires paper bag.
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聚乙烯吹塑薄膜
1.材料组成：聚乙烯PE
2.特点：
a.有高压膜、低压膜
1）高压膜质地柔韧，透明性好。
2）低压膜强度好、硬度较高，透明性弱。
b.弱酸性:PH=6—7,防止接触玻璃造成薄膜印迹
c.包玻璃
1）包单片玻璃：防划伤，防尘
2）包整箱玻璃：防尘，防潮
Polyethylene blown film for packaging
1.Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2.Characteristic:
a. LDPE (low-density polyethylene) and HDPE（high-density polyethylene）
1) LDPE is flexible and transparent.
2) HDPE has high strength and stiffness but weak transparency.
b. Faintly acid: PH=6-7, to avoid leaving thin film mark on glass surface after touching.
c. Wrapping glass
1) Wrapping a single piece of glass: scratch proof and dustproof
2) Wrapping entire carton of glass: dustproof and moisture-proof
Polyethylene blown film for packaging
1.Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2.Characteristic:
a. LDPE (low-density polyethylene) and HDPE（high-density polyethylene）
1) LDPE is flexible and transparent.
2) HDPE has high strength and stiffness but weak transparency.
b. Faintly acid: PH=6-7, to avoid leaving thin film mark on glass surface after touching.
c. Wrapping glass
1) Wrapping a single piece of glass: scratch proof and dustproof
2) Wrapping entire carton of glass: dustproof and moisture-proof
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热收缩膜
1.材料组成：聚乙烯PE
2.特点：受热后收缩性好
3.用于单片玻璃的密封包装
Heat shrinkable film for packaging
1.Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2.Characteristic: Good shrinkage after heating
3.Sealed package for monolithic glass.
Heat shrinkable film for packaging
1.Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2.Characteristic: Good shrinkage after heating
3.Sealed package for monolithic glass.
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珍珠棉卡条
1.材料组成：聚乙烯
2.用于单片玻璃的周边缓冲包装
PE foam edge protector
1.Material composition : Polyethylene （PE）
2.Peripheral cushion packaging for a single piece of glass.
PE foam edge protector
1.Material composition : Polyethylene （PE）
2.Peripheral cushion packaging for a single piece of glass.
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干燥剂
1.材料组成：基材由氯化钙和淀粉混合而成，包材由杜邦纸和防水透气膜双层复合而成
2.特点：
a.高吸湿率，温度50℃，湿度90%，吸湿率≥250%
b.吸饱和后，防渗材料能防止水分外溢
3.用于包装箱和集装箱内，减少水气
防止玻璃发霉，防止玻璃表面出现薄膜印迹
Desiccant
1. Material composition:
The substrate material is a mixture of CaCl2 (Calcium chloride) and starch. The packing material is composed of Dupont paper and waterproof breathable membrane.
2. Characteristic:
a. High moisture absorption rate, temperature 50℃, humidity 90%, moisture absorption rate≥250%
b. After absorption, the anti-seepage material can prevent water from overflowing.
3. Function
Placed inside packing box and container to reduce moisture, prevent glass from mildew and profect glass surface from thin film mark.
Desiccant
1. Material composition:
The substrate material is a mixture of CaCl2 (Calcium chloride) and starch. The packing material is composed of Dupont paper and waterproof breathable membrane.
2. Characteristic:
a. High moisture absorption rate, temperature 50℃, humidity 90%, moisture absorption rate≥250%
b. After absorption, the anti-seepage material can prevent water from overflowing.
3. Function
Placed inside packing box and container to reduce moisture, prevent glass from mildew and profect glass surface from thin film mark.
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防霉纸
1.材料组成：由木浆和防霉剂混合而成
2.特点：酸性,4.5≤PH≤6，防止玻璃发霉
3.用于配套产品，平夹层玻璃和无附件钢化玻璃之间的分隔
Mouldproof Paper
1. Material composition: a mixture of wood pulp and anti-mildew agent
2. Characteristic: Acid, 4.5≤PH≤6, to prevent glass from mildew
3. Used for OEM products, to separate laminated glass from tempered glass without accessories
Mouldproof Paper
1. Material composition: a mixture of wood pulp and anti-mildew agent
2. Characteristic: Acid, 4.5≤PH≤6, to prevent glass from mildew
3. Used for OEM products, to separate laminated glass from tempered glass without accessories
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防霉牛皮纸
1.材料组成：由木浆和防霉剂混合而成
2.特点：酸性，4.5≤PH＜7，防止玻璃发霉
3.用于配件玻璃包装
Mouldproof Kraft Paper
1. Material composition : a mixture of wood pulp and anti-mildew
2. Characteristic : Acid, 4.5≤PH≤7, to prevent glass from mildew
3. Used for ARG products packaging
Mouldproof Kraft Paper
1. Material composition : a mixture of wood pulp and anti-mildew
2. Characteristic : Acid, 4.5≤PH≤7, to prevent glass from mildew
3. Used for ARG products packaging
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塑料泡沫齿条
1. 材料组成：聚乙烯PE
2. 特点：PH值，6-8
3. 用于玻璃之间的分隔、缓冲
PE Toothed bar
1. Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2. Characteristic: PH value, 6-8
3. Used for separation and buffering between glass.
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包边垫块
1.材料组成：ABS
2.特点：硬度高，不易变形
3.用于带“L”形包边条玻璃之间的支撑和分隔
Encapsulation Spacer Block
1.Material composition : ABS
2.Characteristic : High hardness and it is not easy to deform.
3.Used for support and separation between the "L"-shape encapsulated glass.
Encapsulation Spacer Block
1.Material composition : ABS
2.Characteristic : High hardness and it is not easy to deform.
3.Used for support and separation between the "L"-shape encapsulated glass.
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橡胶齿条
1.材料组成：天然橡胶
2.特点：
a.韧性好，易成形
b.根据玻璃及包边形状开模生产，接触面吻合性好，包边条不易变形
3. 功能：用于包边玻璃之间的分隔
Rubber toothed bar
1. Material composition : natural rubber
2. Characteristic:
a. Good toughness ,easy forming
b. Open-mould production according to the shape of glass and encapsulation, good mating surfaces and the encapsulation strip is less likely to deform.
3. Used for separation between the encapsulated glass.
Rubber toothed bar
1. Material composition : natural rubber
2. Characteristic:
a. Good toughness ,easy forming
b. Open-mould production according to the shape of glass and encapsulation, good mating surfaces and the encapsulation strip is less likely to deform.
3. Used for separation between the encapsulated glass.
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气泡膜
1.材料组成：气泡膜和可移除胶
2. 特点：使用方便，防护效果好
3. 功能：用于夹层玻璃附件防护
Air Bubble Film
1.Material composition : air bubble film and glue dot
2. Characteristic: Easy to use and good protection
3. Used to protect the accessories of laminated glass.
Air Bubble Film
1.Material composition : air bubble film and glue dot
2. Characteristic: Easy to use and good protection
3. Used to protect the accessories of laminated glass.
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塑料泡沫垫
1.材料组成：聚乙烯PE
2.特点：PH值，6-8
3. 用于玻璃的支撑，缓冲
Plastic foam pad
1. Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2. Characteristic: PH value, 6-8
3. Used for supporting and buffering of glass.
Plastic foam pad
1. Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2. Characteristic: PH value, 6-8
3. Used for supporting and buffering of glass.
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塑料靠背垫
1. 材料组成：聚乙烯PE
2. 特点：PH值，6-8
3. 用于玻璃靠背的支撑
Plastic support block
1. Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2. Characteristic: PH value, 6-8
3. Used for supporting the back of glass.
Plastic support block
1. Material composition : Polyethylene (PE)
2. Characteristic: PH value, 6-8
3. Used for supporting the back of glass.
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带胶软木垫片
1.材料组成：软木、可移除胶+保护膜
2.特点：粘在单片玻璃上，不会留下胶印迹
3. 用于玻璃之间的分隔，一般用于有转运运输，运输环境相对较差的出口配件包装
Adhesive cork pad
1.Material composition : cork ,removable glue and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and allow clean removal, leaving no residue.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for OEM packing that has transhipment and poor transport environment.
Adhesive cork pad
1.Material composition : cork ,removable glue and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and allow clean removal, leaving no residue.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for OEM packing that has transhipment and poor transport environment.
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软木垫+单面PVC
1.材料组成：软木、PVC泡棉+保护膜
2.特点：吸附在单片玻璃上，不会留下印迹
3. 用于玻璃之间的分隔，一般用于配套或客户要求垫片不带胶的包装
Cork pad with single PVC foam
1. Material composition : cork ,PVC foam and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and allow clean removal, leaving no residue.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for OEM packing or gaskets are packed without glue upon customer requirement.
Cork pad with single PVC foam
1. Material composition : cork ,PVC foam and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and allow clean removal, leaving no residue.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for OEM packing or gaskets are packed without glue upon customer requirement.
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带胶EVA垫片
1. 材料组成：EVA、可移除胶+保护膜
2. 特点：粘在单片玻璃上，不会留下胶印迹
3. 用于玻璃之间的分隔，一般用于有转运运输，运输环境相对较差的出口配件包装
Adhesive EVA pad
1. Material composition : EVA ,removable glue and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and do not leave glue mark.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for ARG packing that has transhipment and poor transport environment.
Adhesive EVA pad
1. Material composition : EVA ,removable glue and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and do not leave glue mark.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for ARG packing that has transhipment and poor transport environment.
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EVA+单面PVC
1.材料组成：软木、PVC泡棉+保护膜
2.特点：吸附在单片玻璃上，不会留下印迹
3.用于玻璃之间的分隔，一般用于配套或客户要求垫片不带胶的包装
EVA pad with single PVC foam
1.Material composition : cork ,PVC foam and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and do not leave glue mark.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for OEM packing or gaskets are packed without glue upon customer requirement.
EVA pad with single PVC foam
1.Material composition : cork ,PVC foam and protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on a single piece of glass and do not leave glue mark.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for OEM packing or gaskets are packed without glue upon customer requirement.
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EVA+双面PVC
1.材料组成：软木、PVC泡棉+保护膜
2. 特点：吸附在前后玻璃上，不会留下印迹
3. 用于玻璃之间的分隔，一般用于特殊加固的包装（如侧边无加固的美国铁箱，三包边前挡）
EVA pad with double PVC foam
1. Material composition : cork ,PVC foam+Protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on the front and rear glass and do not leave glue mark.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for special reinforced packing. (such as American iron case that the side is not reinforced and three-edge-encapsulated windshield)
EVA pad with double PVC foam
1. Material composition : cork ,PVC foam+Protective film
2. Characteristic: Adsorb on the front and rear glass and do not leave glue mark.
3. Function: Used for separation between glass and generally used for special reinforced packing. (such as American iron case that the side is not reinforced and three-edge-encapsulated windshield)
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白色PE分隔片
1.材料组成：PE泡沫垫和PE膜
2. 一般用于夹层前挡PET内打包玻璃之间的分隔
White PE separator
1.Material composition : PE foam pad and PE film
2. Generally used for the separation between the laminated windshields packed by PET packing belt.
White PE separator
1.Material composition : PE foam pad and PE film
2. Generally used for the separation between the laminated windshields packed by PET packing belt.
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黑色EVA分隔片
1.材料组成：EVA
2.一般用于边窗PET内打包玻璃之间的分隔
Black EVA separator
1.Material composition : EVA
2.Generally used for the separation between the side window glasses packed by PET packing belt.
Black EVA separator
1.Material composition : EVA
2.Generally used for the separation between the side window glasses packed by PET packing belt.
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白色泡沫
1.材料组成：聚苯乙烯
2.特点：重量轻、易成型、低吸湿
3.一般用夹层玻璃包装缓冲
White foam
1.Material composition : polystyrene （PS）
2. Characteristic: Light weight, easy to form, low moisture absorption
3. Function: Generally used for the packaging buffering of laminated glass.
White foam
1.Material composition : polystyrene （PS）
2. Characteristic: Light weight, easy to form, low moisture absorption
3. Function: Generally used for the packaging buffering of laminated glass.
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发泡剂
1. 材料组成：化学混合材料
2. 特点：快速、灵活填充，缓冲效果好
3. 一般用夹层玻璃包装
Foaming agent
1. Material composition : Chemical mixture
2. Characteristic: Fast, flexible filling and good buffering effect
3. Generally used for the packaging of laminated glass.
Foaming agent
1. Material composition : Chemical mixture
2. Characteristic: Fast, flexible filling and good buffering effect
3. Generally used for the packaging of laminated glass.
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PET打包带
1.材料组成：聚苯二甲酸乙二酯
2.特点：
a.韧性好
b.操作方便
3. 用途：用于玻璃内打包，纸木箱外打包
PET packing belt
1. Material composition : Ethyl polyphthalate
2. Characteristic:
a Good toughness
b Convenient operation
3. Function: Used for inner packaging of glass and outer packaging of cartoon and Wooden case.
PET packing belt
1. Material composition : Ethyl polyphthalate
2. Characteristic:
a Good toughness
b Convenient operation
3. Function: Used for inner packaging of glass and outer packaging of cartoon and Wooden case.
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PP/PE打包带
1. 材料组成：聚丙烯和聚乙烯
2. 特点：不需要工具，操作方便
3. 用于纸箱内加固
PP/PE packing belt
1. Material composition : polypropylene（PS）and polyethylene (PE)
2. Characteristic: Easy operation without tools
3. Function: Used for reinforcement inside carton.
PP/PE packing belt
1. Material composition : polypropylene（PS）and polyethylene (PE)
2. Characteristic: Easy operation without tools
3. Function: Used for reinforcement inside carton.
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钢带
1. 材料组成：Q345
2. 特点：抗拉强度高
3. 用于木箱外打包
Steel belt
1. Material composition : Q345
2. Characteristic: High tensile strength
3. Use for outer packing of wooden case.
Steel belt
1. Material composition : Q345
2. Characteristic: High tensile strength
3. Use for outer packing of wooden case.
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包装材料
Packing Material
Packing Material
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包装物料类
Packing Material
Packing Material
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高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)
ADAS全称Advanced Driver Assistance Systems，中文称高级驾驶辅助系统。它通过在挡风玻璃安装感应器和摄像头来自动检测可能存在的安全隐患并提醒驾驶员或自主采取行动，从而加强驾驶安全性，降低事故的严重程度。
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
ADAS are designed to enhance driving safety and to reduce the severity of an accident by installing sensors and cameras in the W/S to detect possible safety risks and to warn the driver or to take action autonomously.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
ADAS are designed to enhance driving safety and to reduce the severity of an accident by installing sensors and cameras in the W/S to detect possible safety risks and to warn the driver or to take action autonomously.
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原始设备(OE)
OE全称Original Equipment.
原厂：汽车厂商或者经过汽车厂商认可的供应商。
原厂/正厂零件：由原始汽车厂商或者认可供应商生产的汽车零件。
汽车制造商(福特、奥迪、沃尔沃等)并不生产所有汽车零件。一般来说，他们的工厂制造车身零件、框架和主要发动机部件，但是其他零件他们会外包给OEM或者OES厂商代工，提供所需要的规格。这些外包的厂商生产完产品后，印上汽车制造商的商标再发给他们装车或供应售后市场。
Original Equipment(OE)
Original Factory: car manufacturer or its authorized auto part supplier
OE Part: That part is either of the car manufacture or perhaps is made by the automotive part provider authorized by car manufacturer.
Car Manufacturers (Ford, Audi, Volvo, etc) do not manufacture all of the parts that go into an automobile. Generally, their factories make body parts, frame, and major engine components, but for the rest of the car they out source to OEM/OES manufacturers after providing the specifications for the parts they need. Once the outsourced manufacturers produce the parts, they usually add a Car Manufacturer logo to the part and either ship it to them to be installed in the new automobile or supply to the aftermarket for repair service.
Original Equipment(OE)
Original Factory: car manufacturer or its authorized auto part supplier
OE Part: That part is either of the car manufacture or perhaps is made by the automotive part provider authorized by car manufacturer.
Car Manufacturers (Ford, Audi, Volvo, etc) do not manufacture all of the parts that go into an automobile. Generally, their factories make body parts, frame, and major engine components, but for the rest of the car they out source to OEM/OES manufacturers after providing the specifications for the parts they need. Once the outsourced manufacturers produce the parts, they usually add a Car Manufacturer logo to the part and either ship it to them to be installed in the new automobile or supply to the aftermarket for repair service.
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原始设备制造商(OEM)
1. OEM全称Original Equipment Manufacturer; 原厂委托，生产制造（俗称“代工”）
2. 汽车厂商利用自己掌握的核心技术设计和开发新产品，将零件通过竞标委托给零件厂制造，所订产品低价买断，并贴上自己的品牌商标再装车销售。OEM产品是为品牌厂商订制的，不能冠上生产者自己的名称再生产。
3. 特点：
1）零件价格：高
2）市场来源：随着车厂生产而获得订单，较稳定
3）市场指标：汽车销售量
4）毛利率：10%~20%，利润被车厂压榨
5）销售渠道：原厂指定店，4S店
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
1. OEM are manufacturers fabricating products for car manufacturer to be assembled in the new vehicle.
2. Car manufacturer designs and develops new products by its core technology, and bids out OEM component contracts. The ordered products are purchased at low cost, stamped logo of vehicle manufacturer and shiped to be installed in the new vehicles. OEM products are exclusive for automobile manufacturer and can not be rebranded or reproduced.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: expensive.
2) Market Source: orders placed with vehicle production and are relatively stable
3) Market Index: vehicle sales
4) Gross Profit Margin: 10%-20%
5) Sales Channel: dealer, 4S shop
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
1. OEM are manufacturers fabricating products for car manufacturer to be assembled in the new vehicle.
2. Car manufacturer designs and develops new products by its core technology, and bids out OEM component contracts. The ordered products are purchased at low cost, stamped logo of vehicle manufacturer and shiped to be installed in the new vehicles. OEM products are exclusive for automobile manufacturer and can not be rebranded or reproduced.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: expensive.
2) Market Source: orders placed with vehicle production and are relatively stable
3) Market Index: vehicle sales
4) Gross Profit Margin: 10%-20%
5) Sales Channel: dealer, 4S shop
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原始设计制造商(ODM)
1. ODM全称Original Design Manufacturer; 原厂委托，设计制造
2. ODM零件的设计、制造由零件厂一手包办，完成后再交给大型车厂。和OEM状况不同的是受委托的零件商因为自己拥有知识产权，有办法稍微修改一下设计再拿来替其他品牌生产，被委托的零件厂的生产可以称为“贴牌”。
3. 特点：
1）零件价格：高
2）市场来源：随着汽车大厂生产而获得订单，较稳定
3） 市场指标：汽车销售量
4）毛利率：10%~20%
5）销售渠道：原厂指定店，4S店
Original Design Manufacturer (ODM)
1. ODM are manufacturers designing and fabricating for car manufacturer to be assembled in the new vehicle.
2. Different from OEM, ODM manufacturer owns intellectual property and can manage to produce for other brands by making little adjustment to the design.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: expensive
2) Market Source: orders placed with vehicle production and are relatively stable
3) Market Index: vehicle sales
4) Gross Profit Margin: 10%-20%
5) Sales Channel: dealer, 4S shop
Original Design Manufacturer (ODM)
1. ODM are manufacturers designing and fabricating for car manufacturer to be assembled in the new vehicle.
2. Different from OEM, ODM manufacturer owns intellectual property and can manage to produce for other brands by making little adjustment to the design.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: expensive
2) Market Source: orders placed with vehicle production and are relatively stable
3) Market Index: vehicle sales
4) Gross Profit Margin: 10%-20%
5) Sales Channel: dealer, 4S shop
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原始设备供应商(OES)
1. OES全称Original Equipment Supplier；原厂委托，售后维修服务 （备件）
2.当汽车需要维修时，由原厂指定的售后维修提供零件称为OES。汽车车厂仍然掌握零件的核心技术，再交由其他OES的零件厂生产，也可能是直接由原厂生产。原厂品牌，质量上跟OEM会有点区别，售后市场要求没有组装线那么高。
3. 特点：
1）价格：相对于副厂较昂贵
2）市场来源：随着汽车大厂生产而获得订单，较稳定
3） 市场指标：汽车销售量
4）毛利率：10%~20%
5）销售渠道：原厂指定店，4S店
Original Equipment Supplier (OES)
1. OES are suppliers fabricating for car manufacturer for the aftersales repair service
2. OES parts are parts supplied by the repair dealer nominated by car manufacturer. The parts may be fabricated by OES or OEM manufacturer while the core technology is still mastered by vehicle manufacturer. There are sometimes small variations in quality compared to OEM.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: comparatively more expensive than AM products
2) Market Source: orders placed with vehicle production and are relatively stable
3) Market Index: vehicle sales
4) Gross Profit Margin: 10%-20%
5) Sales Channel: dealer, 4S shop
Original Equipment Supplier (OES)
1. OES are suppliers fabricating for car manufacturer for the aftersales repair service
2. OES parts are parts supplied by the repair dealer nominated by car manufacturer. The parts may be fabricated by OES or OEM manufacturer while the core technology is still mastered by vehicle manufacturer. There are sometimes small variations in quality compared to OEM.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: comparatively more expensive than AM products
2) Market Source: orders placed with vehicle production and are relatively stable
3) Market Index: vehicle sales
4) Gross Profit Margin: 10%-20%
5) Sales Channel: dealer, 4S shop
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汽车售后市场(AM)
1. AM全称Aftermarket，是指售后市场或(汽车等的)零配件市场 ; 独立售后，维修服务。
2. 有别于原厂零件，厂商并非通过供应链将成品流向汽车品牌厂，而是提供给维修厂或是零售商给需要修车的车主选择。一般都是指车辆投放到市场后，另外再安装的产品。
3. 特点：
1）价格：低廉，通常是复制现有OEM产品
2）市场来源：随着零件损耗、交通事故、天气状况等，不太稳定
3）市场指标：汽车保有量与车龄
4）毛利率：30%~40%
5）销售渠道：售后维修厂、改装厂、零售商
Aftermarket (AM)
1. Automotive aftermarket refers to independent aftersales repair service.
2. Aftermarket parts are made by a company other than the original glass fabricator. Or by the same company on a different production line from the OEM manufacturer. Some of these parts are similar quality to OEM parts. Others are not. And the products are supplied to repair ships or retailers who sells directly to end-users after the vehicle launched into market.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: Cheap, generally are copies of OEM parts
2) Market Source: orders are not stable and affected by the situations of parts natual wear, traffic accidents and weather conditions, etc.
3) Market Index: car parc and vehicle age
4) Gross Margin: 30%-40%
5) Sales Channel: aftermarket repair shop, refitting factory and retailers.
Aftermarket (AM)
1. Automotive aftermarket refers to independent aftersales repair service.
2. Aftermarket parts are made by a company other than the original glass fabricator. Or by the same company on a different production line from the OEM manufacturer. Some of these parts are similar quality to OEM parts. Others are not. And the products are supplied to repair ships or retailers who sells directly to end-users after the vehicle launched into market.
3. Characteristic:
1) Price: Cheap, generally are copies of OEM parts
2) Market Source: orders are not stable and affected by the situations of parts natual wear, traffic accidents and weather conditions, etc.
3) Market Index: car parc and vehicle age
4) Gross Margin: 30%-40%
5) Sales Channel: aftermarket repair shop, refitting factory and retailers.
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配件汽车玻璃(ARG)
ARG全称Automotive Replacement Glass，是指用于替换的汽车玻璃或者售后更换玻璃。一些公司（如Pilkington，Glass.com等）也叫做汽车玻璃更换（AGR)。
Automotive Replacement Glass (ARG)
ARG is the abbreviation for Automotive Replacement Glass or Aftermarket Replacement Glass. It is also called AGR (Automotive Glass Replacement) by some other companies such as Pilkington and Glass.com etc.
Automotive Replacement Glass (ARG)
ARG is the abbreviation for Automotive Replacement Glass or Aftermarket Replacement Glass. It is also called AGR (Automotive Glass Replacement) by some other companies such as Pilkington and Glass.com etc.
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汽车玻璃维修和更换(AGRR)
AGRR全称Automotive Glass Repair and Replacement，是指汽车玻璃修补与安装行业或者汽车玻璃修补与安装行业店；也指汽车玻璃维修与更换服务。
Automotive Glass Repair and Replacement (AGRR)
AGRR refers to automotive glass repair and replacement industry or stores as well as AGRR service.
Automotive Glass Repair and Replacement (AGRR)
AGRR refers to automotive glass repair and replacement industry or stores as well as AGRR service.
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独立经销商/独立批发商
指汽车玻璃业者，且不受其它汽车玻璃制造商直接或者间接控制。
Independent distributor/Independent wholesaler
The automotive glass business entity who is not directly/indirectly controlled by other auto glass manufacturers.
Independent distributor/Independent wholesaler
The automotive glass business entity who is not directly/indirectly controlled by other auto glass manufacturers.
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行业与市场
Industry & Market
Industry & Market
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美国国家标准协会(ANSI)
美国国家标准协会(ANSI)成立于1918年，是一家代表美国标准和合格评定制度的非营利性机构。该研究所负责监督创建、发布和使用数以千计的规范和指导方针，这些规范和指导方针直接影响到几乎每个行业的企业:从声学设备到建筑设备，从乳品和畜牧生产到能源分配，还有更多。ANSI还积极参与认证——评估组织确定符合标准的能力。
网站：https://www.ansi.org
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
ANSI is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1918 as the voice of the U.S. standards and conformity assessment system. The Institute oversees the creation, promulgation and use of thousands of norms and guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector: from acoustical devices to construction equipment, from dairy and livestock production to energy distribution, and many more. ANSI is also actively engaged in accreditation - assessing the competence of organizations determining conformance to standards. https://www.ansi.org
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
ANSI is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1918 as the voice of the U.S. standards and conformity assessment system. The Institute oversees the creation, promulgation and use of thousands of norms and guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector: from acoustical devices to construction equipment, from dairy and livestock production to energy distribution, and many more. ANSI is also actively engaged in accreditation - assessing the competence of organizations determining conformance to standards. https://www.ansi.org
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美国独立玻璃协会(IGA)
美国独立玻璃协会(IGA)成立于1995年，是美国汽车玻璃维修和更换(AGRR)行业中历史最悠久、规模最大、行业领先的专业组织。是一个由独立的玻璃店、行业代表、教育工作者和技术人员组成的团体，致力于安全、正确地维修或更换汽车玻璃。IGA成员分布在50个州和10个国家。
网站：www.iga.org。
Independent Glass Association (IGA)
Founded in 1995, the IGA is the oldest, largest and leading professional organization for the automotive glass repair and replacement (AGRR) industry in America. It is a community of people - independent glass shops, industry representatives, educators and technicians - committed to safety and proper repair or replacement of automotive glass. IGA members are located in all 50 states and 10 countries. www.iga.org
Independent Glass Association (IGA)
Founded in 1995, the IGA is the oldest, largest and leading professional organization for the automotive glass repair and replacement (AGRR) industry in America. It is a community of people - independent glass shops, industry representatives, educators and technicians - committed to safety and proper repair or replacement of automotive glass. IGA members are located in all 50 states and 10 countries. www.iga.org
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美国国家玻璃协会 (NGA)
美国国家玻璃协会(NGA)成立于1948年，服务于建筑玻璃、汽车玻璃、窗户和门行业。NGA代表了北美近3000家会员公司和地区。网站： www.glass.org。
National Glass Association (NGA)
Founded in 1948, the National Glass Association (NGA) serves the architectural glass, automotive glass, and window and door industries. The NGA represents nearly 3,000 member companies and locations throughout North America. www.glass.org
National Glass Association (NGA)
Founded in 1948, the National Glass Association (NGA) serves the architectural glass, automotive glass, and window and door industries. The NGA represents nearly 3,000 member companies and locations throughout North America. www.glass.org
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美国国家挡风玻璃维修协会(NWRA)
美国国家挡风玻璃维修协会(NWRA)在美国和世界范围内被公认为是关于挡风玻璃维修的可靠信息的专业来源。NWRA向包括商业、政府和贸易组织在内的有关各方提供信息和咨询。NWRA是唯一一家专门负责挡风玻璃维修行业的行业协会，以及那些选择首先维修的公司。它还负责管理罗格尔标准和维修技术员认证项目。网站：www.nwrassn.org and www.rolags.com
National Windshield Repair Association (NWRA)
The National Windshield Repair Association (NWRA) is recognized nationally and worldwide as a professional source of reliable information on windshield repair. NWRA provides information and consultation to interested parties including commercial, government and trade organizations. NWRA is the only trade association devoted solely to the windshield repair industry and to companies that choose to repair first. It also administers the ROLAGS™ Standard and repair technician Certification Program.
www.nwrassn.org and www.rolags.com
National Windshield Repair Association (NWRA)
The National Windshield Repair Association (NWRA) is recognized nationally and worldwide as a professional source of reliable information on windshield repair. NWRA provides information and consultation to interested parties including commercial, government and trade organizations. NWRA is the only trade association devoted solely to the windshield repair industry and to companies that choose to repair first. It also administers the ROLAGS™ Standard and repair technician Certification Program.
www.nwrassn.org and www.rolags.com
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美国汽车玻璃安全委员会 （AGSC）
美国汽车玻璃安全委员会（AGSC）是一个致力于汽车玻璃安全更换的非盈利组织。该委员会是由美国国家标准协会(ANSI)标准发展组织认证的，并且已经开发出北美唯一的汽车玻璃更换标准，叫做AGRSS StandardTM，即ANSI/AGSC 002-2002 汽车玻璃更换安全标准，并管理技师行业证书项目和公司注册项目。网站：www.agsc.org and www.safewindshields.org
Auto Glass Safety Council （AGSC）
The Auto Glass Safety Council™ is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the safe replacement of auto glass. The council is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)—a standards development organization—and has developed North America’s only auto glass replacement standard, the AGRSS StandardTM (ANSI/AGSC 002-2002 Automotive Glass Replacement Safety Standard), and manages the industry’s Certification Program for technicians and Registered Company Program for companies.
www.agsc.org and www.safewindshields.org
Auto Glass Safety Council （AGSC）
The Auto Glass Safety Council™ is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the safe replacement of auto glass. The council is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)—a standards development organization—and has developed North America’s only auto glass replacement standard, the AGRSS StandardTM (ANSI/AGSC 002-2002 Automotive Glass Replacement Safety Standard), and manages the industry’s Certification Program for technicians and Registered Company Program for companies.
www.agsc.org and www.safewindshields.org
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用户意见
修改意见
美国安全挡风玻璃组织（Safewindshields.org™）
美国安全挡风玻璃组织致力于提供有关汽车玻璃恰当更换的信息，并由汽车玻璃安全委员会拥有和管理。
Safewindshields.org™
It is dedicated to providing information about proper automotive glass replacement and is owned and managed by the US Auto Glass Safety Council.
Safewindshields.org™
It is dedicated to providing information about proper automotive glass replacement and is owned and managed by the US Auto Glass Safety Council.
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用户意见
修改意见
美国汽车夹层玻璃维修标准 (ROLAGS™)
ROLAGS™代表了美国挡风玻璃维修行业在ANSI指导下编制的最佳实践的声明，由挡风玻璃维修系统制造商、玻璃制造商、挡风玻璃维修和替换零售从业者、行业协会和其他相关方组成的平衡委员会。
Repair of Laminated Automotive Glass Standard (ROLAGS™)
ROLAGS™ represents the American windshield repair industry’s statement of best practices as compiled under ANSI guidelines by a “balanced” committee of windshield repair system manufacturers, glass manufacturers, windshield repair and replacement retail practitioners, trade associations and other “interested parties”.
Repair of Laminated Automotive Glass Standard (ROLAGS™)
ROLAGS™ represents the American windshield repair industry’s statement of best practices as compiled under ANSI guidelines by a “balanced” committee of windshield repair system manufacturers, glass manufacturers, windshield repair and replacement retail practitioners, trade associations and other “interested parties”.
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美国汽车玻璃周（Auto Glass Week™ ）
美国汽车玻璃周是汽车玻璃行业唯一的年度国际展览和会议，汇集了公司所有人、技术人员、供应商和制造商。所有业内最主要的汽车玻璃组织都会参加，包括AGSC, IGA, NGA, NWRA和 AGRR杂志。
为期三天的活动将包括汽车玻璃维修和更换比赛、教育研讨会和展览。
网站： https://autoglassweek.com/
Auto Glass Week™
Auto Glass Week™ is the sole annual international exhibition and conference for automotive glass industry bringing together company owners, technicians, vendors and manufacturers. All of the industry’s major auto glass groups have agreed to come together for this event, including AGSC, IGA, NGA, NWRA and AGRR™ magazine.
The three-day event will feature automotive glass repair and replacement competitions, educational seminars and an exhibition floor.
https://autoglassweek.com/
Auto Glass Week™
Auto Glass Week™ is the sole annual international exhibition and conference for automotive glass industry bringing together company owners, technicians, vendors and manufacturers. All of the industry’s major auto glass groups have agreed to come together for this event, including AGSC, IGA, NGA, NWRA and AGRR™ magazine.
The three-day event will feature automotive glass repair and replacement competitions, educational seminars and an exhibition floor.
https://autoglassweek.com/
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密歇根玻璃协会 (MGA)
密歇根玻璃协会(MGA)成立于1991年，代表玻璃制造商、供应商、建筑玻璃工人、住宅和汽车玻璃个人和公司，他们有共同的兴趣促进和解决影响密西根州工业的问题。是国家玻璃协会的分会。
Michigan Glass Association (MGA)
The Michigan Glass Association (MGA) was founded in 1991 and represents glass manufacturers, suppliers, architectural glaziers, residential and automotive glass individuals and companies with a common interest of promoting and addressing issues affecting the industry in the state of Michigan. It is a chapter of the National Glass Association.
Michigan Glass Association (MGA)
The Michigan Glass Association (MGA) was founded in 1991 and represents glass manufacturers, suppliers, architectural glaziers, residential and automotive glass individuals and companies with a common interest of promoting and addressing issues affecting the industry in the state of Michigan. It is a chapter of the National Glass Association.
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澳洲汽车玻璃协会 (AGA)
澳洲汽车玻璃协会(AGA)代表了汽车玻璃行业的所有方面，并不断致力于提高汽车玻璃的标准。它是一个中心和独立的资源，使工业和车辆拥有者能够获得无偏的信息和建议。
Auto Glass Association (AGA)
AGA represents all facets of the automotive glass industry and is fuelled by an ongoing and tireless commitment to lifting the standards. It is a central and independent resource, giving both the industry and vehicle owners access to unbiased information and advice.
Auto Glass Association (AGA)
AGA represents all facets of the automotive glass industry and is fuelled by an ongoing and tireless commitment to lifting the standards. It is a central and independent resource, giving both the industry and vehicle owners access to unbiased information and advice.
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欧洲汽车玻璃（Automotive Glass Europe®）
欧洲汽车玻璃为全欧洲所有类型的汽车提供最高质量的玻璃维修和更换。
经营范围覆盖欧洲：1500个网点，18个国家，7000多名专业玻璃技师
网站：http://www.automotiveglasseurope.com/
Automotive Glass Europe®
Automotive Glass Europe® provides automotive glass repair and replacement of the highest quality for all vehicle types throughout Europe
It operates all over Europe:
1500 locations
18 countries
7000 specialist glass professionals
http://www.automotiveglasseurope.com/
Automotive Glass Europe®
Automotive Glass Europe® provides automotive glass repair and replacement of the highest quality for all vehicle types throughout Europe
It operates all over Europe:
1500 locations
18 countries
7000 specialist glass professionals
http://www.automotiveglasseurope.com/
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中国汽车工业协会(CAAM)
中国汽车工业协会（CAAM）成立于1987年，是经中华人民共和国民政部批准的社团组织，具有社会团体法人资格，地址设在北京，是在中国境内从事汽车（摩托车）整车、零部件及汽车相关行业生产经营活动的企事业单位和团体在平等自愿基础上依法组成的自律性、非营利性的社会团体。中汽协会是世界汽车组织（OICA）的常任理事会员单位。
China Automotive Association of Manufacturers (CAAM)
CAAM, founded in 1987 Beijing, is a social organization approved by the ministry of civil affairs of the People's Republic of China with corporative qualifications. It is the non-profit social groups with self-discipline formed by enterprises, institutions and groups engaged in vehicle (motorcyle), spare parts and automotive related industry production and business operation activities on the basis of equality and voluntary in China. CAAM is the permanent council member of World's Automotive Group (OICA).
China Automotive Association of Manufacturers (CAAM)
CAAM, founded in 1987 Beijing, is a social organization approved by the ministry of civil affairs of the People's Republic of China with corporative qualifications. It is the non-profit social groups with self-discipline formed by enterprises, institutions and groups engaged in vehicle (motorcyle), spare parts and automotive related industry production and business operation activities on the basis of equality and voluntary in China. CAAM is the permanent council member of World's Automotive Group (OICA).
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世界汽车组织(OICA)
OICA成立于1919年总部，设在巴黎。OICA是全球汽车制造业唯一的国际组织和代表，由世界各国汽车制造商组成，会员单位遍布全球五大洲，包括40多个主要汽车生产国和39个国家性贸易协会，得到世界各国有关组织的广泛认可。
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA)
The International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers was founded in Paris in 1919. It is known as the “Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles” (OICA). OICA is the sole international organization and representative of global automobile manufacturing industry. Its membership comprises 39 national trade associations around the world, including over 40 majoring automobile manufacturing countries.
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA)
The International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers was founded in Paris in 1919. It is known as the “Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles” (OICA). OICA is the sole international organization and representative of global automobile manufacturing industry. Its membership comprises 39 national trade associations around the world, including over 40 majoring automobile manufacturing countries.
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组织和协会
Organization & Association
Organization & Association
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美国汽车玻璃维修和更换（AGRR）杂志
AGRR™是美国唯一一家专门服务于AGRR行业的杂志。它出版双月刊，并提供每日电子通讯，可在www.glassBYTEs.com上找到。该杂志由美国主要通信公司出版，该公司生产与玻璃相关的出版物，包括汽车玻璃杂志、USGlass、门窗市场(DWM)、玻璃贴膜以及玻璃和金属杂志的建筑师指南。 网站：https://www.agrrmag.com/
AGRR™ Magazine
AGRR™ magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to the auto glass industry. It is published bi-monthly, and also produces a daily e-newsletter, available on www.glassBYTEs.com. The magazine is published by Key Communications Inc., which produces several glass-related publications, including Auto Glass Journal™, USGlass, Door and Window Market (DWM), Window Film and the Architects’ Guide to Glass & Metal magazines.
https://www.agrrmag.com/
AGRR™ Magazine
AGRR™ magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to the auto glass industry. It is published bi-monthly, and also produces a daily e-newsletter, available on www.glassBYTEs.com. The magazine is published by Key Communications Inc., which produces several glass-related publications, including Auto Glass Journal™, USGlass, Door and Window Market (DWM), Window Film and the Architects’ Guide to Glass & Metal magazines.
https://www.agrrmag.com/
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美国汽车玻璃日报(Auto Glass Journal®)
它是美国汽车玻璃安装技术人员的权威信息来源。提供技巧和技术帮助，汽车玻璃杂志是双月刊，只供订阅。
Auto Glass Journal®
It is the definitive resource for technicians involved with automotive glass installations in the US. Offering tips and technical help, Auto Glass Journal is printed bi-monthly and available by subscription only.
Auto Glass Journal®
It is the definitive resource for technicians involved with automotive glass installations in the US. Offering tips and technical help, Auto Glass Journal is printed bi-monthly and available by subscription only.
其他语言
用户意见
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媒体和杂志
Media & Magazine
Media & Magazine
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国家汽车服务卓越研究所 (ASE)
国家汽车服务卓越研究所为个别汽车维修技师提供了著名的认证。为了获得ASE认证，技术人员必须通过一项测试，并且在他们所认证的特定汽车行业中至少有2年的经验。请确保您的汽车玻璃技师在汽车玻璃的认证，而不是，例如，发动机修理。
National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE)
The National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence offers a well-known certification for individual automotive repair technicians. To achieve ASE certification, a technician must pass a test and have a minimum of 2 years of experience in the specific automotive trade for which they are certified. Make sure your auto glass technician is ASE certified for auto glass rather than, for example, engine repair.
National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE)
The National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence offers a well-known certification for individual automotive repair technicians. To achieve ASE certification, a technician must pass a test and have a minimum of 2 years of experience in the specific automotive trade for which they are certified. Make sure your auto glass technician is ASE certified for auto glass rather than, for example, engine repair.
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学术机构
Academic Institution
Academic Institution
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欧洲汽车玻璃编码(Euro Code)
欧洲汽车行业主要针对欧洲车的汽车玻璃的统一代码，如8553…
Euro Code
Euro Code
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美国汽车玻璃代码(NAGS)
1. 北美汽车玻璃编码是美国国内外汽车玻璃的产品目录，描述NAGS汽车玻璃部件编号系统专用的格式、内容和代码。这个系统是NAGS通过独立的调查和研究开发创立的。
2. 编码规则（5个部分）：
例： DW01205GBYN
位置：1234567891011
第一部分（1-2位）：
1）第1位：F表示外国车款、D表示美国国内车款
2）第2位：前挡W、后挡B、侧窗D、三角（或侧窗）V（或Q）、天窗R、平面玻璃L
第二部分（3-7位)：5位数字编码
第三部分（8-9位）：颜色编码
第四部分（10位）：附件编码
第五部分（11位）：溢价指示
National Auto Glass Specifications (NAGS)
1. Catalog for domestic and foreign glass parts: describe the format, content and codes used in the proprietary NAGS Auto Glass Part Number System, which are developed and established exclusively by NAGS through its own editorial investigation and research.
2. FIVE SECTIONS FORMAT:
EXAMPLE: DW01205GBYN
POSITION: 1234567891011
Section I. NAGS PART TYPE PREFIX (Positions 1&2)
1) Position 1: Identify the vehicle as Domestic (""D"") or Foreign (""F"")
2) Positon 2: Identify the glass part location on the vehicle
""W"" - windshield, ""B"" - backlite, ""D"" - Door Glass, ""V"" -Vent, ""Q""- Quarter, ""R"" - Roof and ""L"" - Flat Windshield
Section II. NAGS NUMERIC CODE (Positions 3 ~7) —— Five-character numeric code
Section III. NAGS COLOR CODE (Positions 8&9) —— Identify the tint color and shade color of glass parts and frame color of slider parts.
Section IV. NAGS ATTACHMENT CODE (Position 10) —— Identify the presence or absence of hardware provided with the glass when obtained (except a mirror bracket, antenna or electrical connectors), or types of sliders.
Section V. NAGS PREMIUM INDICATOR (Position 11) —— Indicate a part that is provided by the vehicle manufacturer and include a stamp or label of a designer trademark.
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玻璃编码代码
Product Coding System
Product Coding System
其他语言
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美国汽车玻璃替换安全标准(AGRSS)
AGRSS标准最初是由AGSC AGRSS标准委员会于1999年设立的。它在2002年和2015年被修订，并作为ANSI延伸维修标准进行维护。现有版本是ANSI/AGSC/AGRSS 003-2015。该标准代表了汽车玻璃替代行业目前的最佳实践，这是一个由汽车玻璃替代从业者、培训师、供应商和其他相关方组成的平衡委员会所决定的。它体现了AGSC AGRSS标准委员会成员的专业知识，他们在数百年的经验积累中经历过数以千计的汽车玻璃更换。
Automotive Glass Replacement Safety Standard™ (AGRSS)
The AGRSS Standard was first developed in 1999 by the AGSC AGRSS Standards Committee. It was amended in 2002 and 2015 and is maintained as an ANSI continuous maintenance standard. The current version of the Standard is referenced as ANSI/AGSC/AGRSS 003-2015.
The Standard represents the auto glass replacement industry’s current best practices as determined by a broad-based balanced committee of auto glass replacement practitioners, trainers, suppliers and other interested parties. It embodies the expertise of the AGSC AGRSS Standards Committee members whose hundreds of years of combined experience has involved thousands of actual auto glass replacements.
Automotive Glass Replacement Safety Standard™ (AGRSS)
The AGRSS Standard was first developed in 1999 by the AGSC AGRSS Standards Committee. It was amended in 2002 and 2015 and is maintained as an ANSI continuous maintenance standard. The current version of the Standard is referenced as ANSI/AGSC/AGRSS 003-2015.
The Standard represents the auto glass replacement industry’s current best practices as determined by a broad-based balanced committee of auto glass replacement practitioners, trainers, suppliers and other interested parties. It embodies the expertise of the AGSC AGRSS Standards Committee members whose hundreds of years of combined experience has involved thousands of actual auto glass replacements.
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标准与认证
Standard & Recognition
Standard & Recognition
其他语言
用户意见
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行业及标准类
Industry & Standard
Industry & Standard
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成本，运费 (CFR)
1.成本加运费（插入指定目的港）。2010年国际贸易术语解释通则
在CFR项下，卖方要在合同中约定的日期或期限内，卖方将货物运至船上或取得已按此送交的货物，即完成交货。卖方还必须订立货物运至指定目的港的合同并支付成本和运费。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移
当货物已运至船上时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移。
(2) 通关手续 :
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同
a. 卖方必须按照通常条件订立或取得运输合同，自约定交货地点，将货物运到合同约定的目的港。
b. 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
(4) 主要费用的划分
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3.该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。
CFR
1.Cost and Freight (insert named port of destination).
The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
CFR
1.Cost and Freight (insert named port of destination).
The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
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成本，保险和运费 /到岸价(CIF)
1. 成本加保险费、运费（插入指定目的港）。2010年国际贸易术语解释通则
卖方要在合同中约定的日期或期限内，将货物运至船上或取得已按此送交的货物，即完成交货。卖方还必须订立货物运至指定目的港的合同并支付成本和运费。卖方还必须办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的保险。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移:
当货物已运至船上时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移。
(2) 通关手续:
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同 :
a. 卖方必须按照通常条件订立或取得运输合同，自约定交货地点，将货物运到合同约定的目的港。
b. 卖方对买方有义务签订保险合同。保险合同应与信用良好的保险公司订立，是买方或其他对货物有可保利益者有权直接向保险人索赔。
(4) 主要费用的划分
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3.该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。
CIF
1.Cost, Insurance and Freight (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010
The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3.This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
CIF
1.Cost, Insurance and Freight (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010
The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3.This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
运费保险付至(CIP)
1.运费、保险费付至（插入指定目的地）。2010年国际贸易术语解释通则
卖方要在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在约定地点（如果当事人间约定了交货地点）向其指定的承运人或其他人交货，但卖方还必须订立货物运至指定目的地的合同并支付运费。卖方还必须办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的保险。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移:
当使用CPT, CIP, CFR 或 CIF等术语时，卖方承担其将货物交付指定承运人前所有风险和费用，而当货物运至指定目的地后，由买方承担一切风险和费用。
(2) 通关手续:
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同:
a. 卖方必须按照通常条件订立或取得运输合同，将货物运至指定目的地的约定点。
b. 卖方对买方有义务签订保险合同。保险合同应与信用良好的保险公司订立，是买方或其他对货物有可保利益者有权直接向保险人索赔。
(4) 主要费用的划分:
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3.该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
CIP
1. Carriage and Insurance Paid To (inserted named place of destination)
The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller on the agreed date or within the agreed period at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties), and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
CIP
1. Carriage and Insurance Paid To (inserted named place of destination)
The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller on the agreed date or within the agreed period at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties), and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
目的地交货（DAP）
1. 目的地交货（插入指定目的地）。
《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》规定用DAP替代INCOTERMS 2000中的DAF、DES和DDU术语。
当卖方卖方在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在指定目的地将运输工具上准备卸载的货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移
卖方承担将货物运送到指定地点的一切风险。
(2) 通关手续：
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同 ：
a. 卖方必须自付费用订立合同将货物运至指定目的地或指定目的地内的约定点。
b. 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
(4) 主要费用的划分：
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3. 该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
DAP
1. Delivered At Place (insert named place of destination).
The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer
(1) Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.
(2) Customs formalities
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance
a. The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of
destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
DAP
1. Delivered At Place (insert named place of destination).
The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer
(1) Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.
(2) Customs formalities
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance
a. The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of
destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
运费付至（CPT)
1. 运费付至（插入指定目的地）。
卖方在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在约定地点（如果当事人间约定了交货地点）向其指定的承运人或其他人交货，但卖方还必须订立货物运至指定目的地的合同并支付运费。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移：
当使用CPT, CIP, CFR 或 CIF等术语时，卖方承担其将货物交付指定承运人前所有风险和费用，而当货物运至指定目的地后，由买方承担一切风险和费用。
(2) 通关手续：
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同 ：
a. 卖方必须按照通常条件订立或取得运输合同，将货物运至指定目的地的约定点。
b. 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
(4) 主要费用的划分：
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3.该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
CPT
1. Carriage paid to (insert named place of destination)
The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller on the agreed date or within the agreed period at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties), and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer
(1) Transfer of risks：
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
(2) Customs formalities：
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance：
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs ：
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
CPT
1. Carriage paid to (insert named place of destination)
The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller on the agreed date or within the agreed period at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties), and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer
(1) Transfer of risks：
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
(2) Customs formalities：
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance：
a. The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs ：
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
运输终端交货（DAT）
1. 运输终端交货（插入指定港口或目的地的运输终端）。
卖方在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在指定港口或目的地的指定终点站将已从运输工具上卸载下来的货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。“终点站”包括不论是否有屋顶的任何地方，如码头、仓库、集装箱场地或公路、铁路及航空的货物终点站。 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移：
卖方承担将货物运送到指定港口或目的地并在终点站卸载货物的一切风险。
(2) 通关手续：
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同 ：
a. 卖方必须自付费用订立合同将货物运至指定目的地或指定目的地内的约定点。
b. 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
(4) 主要费用的划分：
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3. 该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
DAT
1. Delivered At Terminal (insert named terminal at port or place of destination)
The seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks：
The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination.
(2) Customs formalities：
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance：
a.The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs ：
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
DAT
1. Delivered At Terminal (insert named terminal at port or place of destination)
The seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks：
The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination.
(2) Customs formalities：
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance：
a.The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs ：
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
完税后交货(DDP)
1.完税后交货（插入指定目的地）。
当卖方要在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在指定目的地将已办理进口清关手续的在运输工具上尚未卸下的货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
卖方必须自付费用订立合同将货物运至指定目的地或指定目的地内的约定交货地点。卖方承担将货物运送到指定地点的一切费用和风险。卖方要负责办理货物出口和进口清关，负担任何出口和进口关税和一切相关海关手续。DDP是卖方承担责任最大的术语。如果卖方不能直接或间接办理进口手续，建议当事人不要使用DDP术语。
2. 该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
DDP
1. Delivered Duty Paid (insert named place of destination)
The seller delivers the goods when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for import on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duty for both export and import and to carry out all customs formalities. DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller. The parties are well advised not to use DDP if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain import clearance.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
DDP
1. Delivered Duty Paid (insert named place of destination)
The seller delivers the goods when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for import on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duty for both export and import and to carry out all customs formalities. DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller. The parties are well advised not to use DDP if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain import clearance.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
工厂交货(EXW)
1. 工厂交货（插入指定交货地点）。
2. 当卖方要在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在其所在地或其他指定的地点（如工场、工厂或仓库）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货，卖方不需要将货物装上任何买方付费的运输工具，也不需要办理出口清关手续，即使这种清关是适用的。当事人最好明确指定交付地点，同样也要明确到达指定地点的费用及风险由卖方承担。买方承担在双方协定地点或指定交付地点受领货物的全部费用和风险。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。EXW是卖方承担责任最小的术语。
3. 该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
EXW
1. Ex Works (insert named place of delivery)
2.The seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.) on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
EXW
1. Ex Works (insert named place of delivery)
2.The seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.) on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
货交承运人(FCA)
1. 货交承运人（插入指定地点）。
卖方只要在合同中约定的日期或期限内，将货物在其所在地或指定交货地点交给买方指定的承运人，即完成交货。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移
卖方承担其将货物交付指定承运人前所有风险和费用。
(2) 通关手续:
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同 :
a. 卖方没有义务为买方订立运输合同。
b. 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
(4) 主要费用的划分:
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3. 该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
FCA
1. Free Carrier (insert named place)
The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks
The seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a.The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
FCA
1. Free Carrier (insert named place)
The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks
The seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a.The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
船边交货(FAS)
1. 船边交货（插入指定装运港）。
当卖方在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港将货物交到买方指定船的船边（如码头或驳船）或取得已交到船边准备装运的货物，即完成交货。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移:
当货物运至船边时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移，买方自那时起承担一切费用和风险。
(2) 通关手续:
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同 :
a. 卖方没有义务为买方订立运输合同。
b. 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
(4) 主要费用的划分:
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3. 该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。
FAS
1. Free Alongside Ship (insert named port of shipment)
The seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel (e.g., on a quay or a barge) nominated by the buyer or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment at the named port of shipment on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a.The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
FAS
1. Free Alongside Ship (insert named port of shipment)
The seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel (e.g., on a quay or a barge) nominated by the buyer or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment at the named port of shipment on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a.The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
船上交货(FOB)
1. 船上交货（插入指定装运港）。
当卖方在合同中约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港将货物运至买方指定的船上或取得已按此送交的货物，即完成交货。卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
2. 双方义务：
(1) 风险转移:
当货物已运至船上时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移，买方自那时起承担一切费用。
(2) 通关手续:
a. 在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
b. 在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。
(3) 运输合同和保险合同 :
a. 卖方没有义务为买方订立运输合同。
b. 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
(4) 主要费用的划分:
a. 卖方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理出口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
b. 买方承担交货前所涉及的各项费用，包括需要办理进口手续时所应交纳的关税和其他费用。
3. 该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。
FOB
1. Free On Board (insert named port of shipment)
The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a.The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
FOB
1. Free On Board (insert named port of shipment)
The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered on the agreed date or within the agreed period. The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
2. General obligations of the seller and buyer:
(1) Transfer of risks:
The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.
(2) Customs formalities:
a. Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
b. Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
(3) Contracts of carriage and insurance:
a.The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.
b. The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer's request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
(4) Allocation of costs :
a. The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
b. The buyer must pay all costs relating to the goods after they have been delivered, including where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import.
3. This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
贸易术语
Trade Terms
Trade Terms
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
保证人
汇票责任当事人以外的第三者对汇票的部分或全部金额保证付款。一张汇票经过了保证就提高了汇票的信用。
Guarantor
A guarantor is another third party who guarantees the acceptance and the payment of a bill of exchange. The guarantor can be the drawer, endorse, acceptor or the acceptor for honor.
Guarantor
A guarantor is another third party who guarantees the acceptance and the payment of a bill of exchange. The guarantor can be the drawer, endorse, acceptor or the acceptor for honor.
其他语言
用户意见
修改意见
支票
支票是出票人签发的，委托办理支票存款业务的银行或者其他金融机构在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据。支票分为记名支票，不记名支票，.划线支票和保付支票等。
Cheque/Check
A cheque is an unconditional order in writing, signed by the person giving it, requiring the banker to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.
There are four categories of cheques, cheque payable to order, cheque payable to bearer, crossed cheque and certified cheque.
Cheque/Check
A cheque is an unconditional order in writing, signed by the person giving it, requiring the banker to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.
There are four categories of cheques, cheque payable to order, cheque payable to bearer, crossed cheque and certified cheque.
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本票
《票据法》规定：本票是出票人签发的，承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据。本票的出票人即是付款人。
根据出票人的不同，本票可以分为：
1. 一般本票/商业本票：出票人为工商企业或个人，票据是即期或远期本票。
2. 银行本票：出票人是银行，只能是即期本票。
Promissory Note
An unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.
Two types of Promissory Note according to different makers:
1. Trade's Note. A sight promissory note or unsance promissory note drawn by individual or commercial firm.
2. Banker's Note. A sight promissory note drawn by the bank.
Promissory Note
An unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.
Two types of Promissory Note according to different makers:
1. Trade's Note. A sight promissory note or unsance promissory note drawn by individual or commercial firm.
2. Banker's Note. A sight promissory note drawn by the bank.
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追索
汇票遭到拒付后，持票人有追索权（Right of Resource），即有权向其前手(背书人、出票人)要求偿付汇票金额、利息和其他费用的权利。在追索前必须按规定做成拒绝证书和发出拒付通知。
Resource
In the event of a bill being dishonored, the holder has a right of recourse against the other parties thereto, that is, a right to claim compensation from the drawer or any endorser. Preconditions for the holder to exercise the right of recourse are making a protest for non-acceptance or non-payment and giving notice of dishonor to his prior party.
Resource
In the event of a bill being dishonored, the holder has a right of recourse against the other parties thereto, that is, a right to claim compensation from the drawer or any endorser. Preconditions for the holder to exercise the right of recourse are making a protest for non-acceptance or non-payment and giving notice of dishonor to his prior party.
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拒绝证书
由付款地的法定公证人或其他依法有权出具证书的机构，如法院、银行、工会、邮局等，出具证明拒付事实的文件，它是持票人凭以向其他背书人、出票人以及汇票的其他债务人行使追索权的法律依据。
Protest
Protest is a formal certificate given by a notary party or other authorized person to evidence that a bill of exchange has been dishonored.
Protest
Protest is a formal certificate given by a notary party or other authorized person to evidence that a bill of exchange has been dishonored.
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拒付通知
是指用以通知前手关于拒付的事实，使其准备偿付并进行再追索。
Notice of Dishonor
Notice of dishonor is given by the holder to inform the drawer and prior endorsers the default of acceptance or payment so that they may get ready to honor the payment.
Notice of Dishonor
Notice of dishonor is given by the holder to inform the drawer and prior endorsers the default of acceptance or payment so that they may get ready to honor the payment.
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拒付
是指持票人向付款人提示时，付款人拒绝付款或拒绝承兑。另外，付款人拒绝见票、死亡或宣告破产，以致付款事实上已不可能时，也称拒付或退票。
Dishonor
Dishonor is a failure or refusal to make acceptance on or payment of a bill of exchange when presented to the drawee. When a bill is dishonored either by non-acceptance or by non-payment, the hoder may exercise his right of resource against his prior endorsers and drawer for payment.
Dishonor
Dishonor is a failure or refusal to make acceptance on or payment of a bill of exchange when presented to the drawee. When a bill is dishonored either by non-acceptance or by non-payment, the hoder may exercise his right of resource against his prior endorsers and drawer for payment.
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贴现
贴现是指远期汇票经承兑后，尚未到期，由银行或贴现公司从票面金额中扣减一定贴现率计算的贴现息后，将余款付给持票人的行为。
Discounting
Discounting a bill of exchange is to sell a time bill already accepted by the drawee but not yet fallen due to a financial institution at a price less than its face value.
Discounting
Discounting a bill of exchange is to sell a time bill already accepted by the drawee but not yet fallen due to a financial institution at a price less than its face value.
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背书
是转让汇票权利的一种法定手续，就是由汇票持有人在汇票背面记载背书文句、签名，并把汇票交付给被背书人的行为。
背书通常有三种方式：
1. 空白背书：又称不记名背书，即背书人在汇票背面签字，但不记载被背书人的名称。空白背书的汇票凭交付而转让。这是最常见的背书方式。
2. 记名背书：背书时写明受票人姓名或受票单位名称再签字，称记名背书。例如：“付给Smith或其指定人”。
3. 限制性背书：背书人在背书中加注限制汇票继续流通的文字，例如：“仅付A银行”。
Endorsement
1. It is an act of negotiation that the payee or the holder of the bill signs on the back of a draft and delivers it to the endorsee.
2. There are 3 types of endorsement.
a. Blank endorsement. Show the signature of endorser only and specify no endorsee.
b. Special endorsement. Specifiy an endorsee to whom or to whose order the draft is to be paid, in addition to the signature of an endorser, e.g. Pay to Smith or Order
c. Restrictive endorsement. Restrictive words are used to prohibit further transfer of a bill, e.g Pay to A Bank Only
Endorsement
1. It is an act of negotiation that the payee or the holder of the bill signs on the back of a draft and delivers it to the endorsee.
2. There are 3 types of endorsement.
a. Blank endorsement. Show the signature of endorser only and specify no endorsee.
b. Special endorsement. Specifiy an endorsee to whom or to whose order the draft is to be paid, in addition to the signature of an endorser, e.g. Pay to Smith or Order
c. Restrictive endorsement. Restrictive words are used to prohibit further transfer of a bill, e.g Pay to A Bank Only
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汇票付款
是指付款人在汇票到期日，向提示汇票的合法持票人按汇票金额支付票款的行为。持票人将汇票注销后交给付款人作为收款证明。汇票所代表的债务债权关系即告终止。
Payment
Payment is made when the bill is presented to the drawee and payment of a time bill is made at maturity. A bill is discharged only when payment is made in due course.
Payment
Payment is made when the bill is presented to the drawee and payment of a time bill is made at maturity. A bill is discharged only when payment is made in due course.
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承兑
是指付款人在汇票上签章表示承诺将来在汇票到期时承担付款义务的一种行为。具体做法是付款人在汇票正面写明"承兑（Accepted）"字样，注明承兑日期，于签章后交还收款人或其他持票人。承兑行为只发生在远期汇票的有关活动中。
Acceptance
Acceptance is an act by which the drawee promises to make payment at the bill maturity. A valid acceptance requires two acts. One is for the drawee to write the word "accepted" and date on the face of a bill and sign blow. The other is for the drawee to return the accepted bill to the payee. Acceptance is limited to usance bill only.
Acceptance
Acceptance is an act by which the drawee promises to make payment at the bill maturity. A valid acceptance requires two acts. One is for the drawee to write the word "accepted" and date on the face of a bill and sign blow. The other is for the drawee to return the accepted bill to the payee. Acceptance is limited to usance bill only.
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提示
是指收款人或持票人将汇票提交付款人要求付款或承兑的行为。
提示分为两种：
1.付款提示（Presentation for Payment)：是指汇票的持票人向付款人出示汇票要求付款的行为。
2.承兑提示（Presentation for Acceptance)：是指远期汇票的持票人向付款人出示汇票，要求付款人见票后办理承兑手续，于到期时付款的行为。
Presentation
A draft must be presented for payment if it is a sight bill or duly presented for acceptance first and then presented for payment at maturity if it is a time bill. It can be classified into Presentation for Payment and Presentation for Acceptance.
Presentation
A draft must be presented for payment if it is a sight bill or duly presented for acceptance first and then presented for payment at maturity if it is a time bill. It can be classified into Presentation for Payment and Presentation for Acceptance.
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出票
1. 是指出票人签发票据并将其交付给收款人的票据行为。
汇票通常一式两份（银行汇票只签发一份），其中一份写明“正本”（Original)或“第一份汇票”（First Exchange)，另一份则写明“副本”（Copy）或“第二份汇票”（Second Exchange)。两份汇票具有同等法律效力，但只对其中一份承兑或付款。为了防止重复承兑和付款，均写明“付一不付二”和“付二不付一”（Second or First Unpaid)。
2.出票时对于“收款人”有三种写法：
(1) 限制性抬头：例如，“仅付ABC公司”或“付ABC公司，不准流通”。这种抬头的汇票不能流通转让，只限ABC公司收取货款。
(2) 指示性抬头：例如，“付ABC公司或指定人”。这种抬头的汇票，除ABC公司可以收取票款外，也可以通过背书转让给第三者。
(3) 持票人或者来人抬头。例如，“付给来人”。常标注有“pay to bearer”或者""pay to ABC Co. Ltd. or bearer""。这种抬头的汇票，无须持票人背书，仅凭交付汇票即可转让。
Issue/Draw
To issue means that the drawer draws and signs the bill, then delivers to the payee.
To avoide missing, two originals with the same validity, First Exchange and Second Exchange are drawn. When the first one comes into effect, the second one becomes invalid by itself.
There are three types of writting for payee.
A. Restrictive payee. Make out “pay ABC Co.Ltd. only” or ""pay ABC Co.Ltd., not transferable"". This kind of bill is not negotiable and only ABC Co. Ltd can get payment.
B. Demonstrative Order. Make out ""pay ABC Co. Ltd. or Order"" or ""pay to the order of ABC Co. Ltd."". This kind of bill is negotiable by endorsement.
C. To Bearer. Make out “pay to bearer” or ""pay to ABC Co. Ltd. or bearer"". This kind of bill is negotiable by presenting the bill without endorsement.
Issue/Draw
To issue means that the drawer draws and signs the bill, then delivers to the payee.
To avoide missing, two originals with the same validity, First Exchange and Second Exchange are drawn. When the first one comes into effect, the second one becomes invalid by itself.
There are three types of writting for payee.
A. Restrictive payee. Make out “pay ABC Co.Ltd. only” or ""pay ABC Co.Ltd., not transferable"". This kind of bill is not negotiable and only ABC Co. Ltd can get payment.
B. Demonstrative Order. Make out ""pay ABC Co. Ltd. or Order"" or ""pay to the order of ABC Co. Ltd."". This kind of bill is negotiable by endorsement.
C. To Bearer. Make out “pay to bearer” or ""pay to ABC Co. Ltd. or bearer"". This kind of bill is negotiable by presenting the bill without endorsement.
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被背书人
是指接受背书的人，也称受让人，或背书人的后手。他是汇票的第二持票人和债权人。
Endorsee
An endorsee, or Assignee, or Subsequent Endorser, is the party to whom the instrument is transfereed. He is the new holder and creditor to the instrument.
Endorsee
An endorsee, or Assignee, or Subsequent Endorser, is the party to whom the instrument is transfereed. He is the new holder and creditor to the instrument.
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背书人
是指收款人或持票人在汇票背面签字，并将汇票交付给另一个人，表明将收款权力转让他人的人。也称出让人或背书人的前手。背书人对其后手负有担保汇票必然会被承兑或付款的责任。
Endorser
An endorser is a payee or holder who signs his name on the back of a bill for the purpose of negotiation. For the endorsee, all the ex-endorsers or ex-holders are called Transferor or Prior Endorsor, who has obligation to guarantee payment or acceptance for his assignees.
Endorser
An endorser is a payee or holder who signs his name on the back of a bill for the purpose of negotiation. For the endorsee, all the ex-endorsers or ex-holders are called Transferor or Prior Endorsor, who has obligation to guarantee payment or acceptance for his assignees.
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银行汇票
是指由银行签发的汇票，是一家银行向另一家银行发出的书面支付命令，出票人和付款人都是银行。
Banker's Draft
A banker's draft is a written payment order drawn by one bank on another bank, and both the drawer and drawee are banks.
Banker's Draft
A banker's draft is a written payment order drawn by one bank on another bank, and both the drawer and drawee are banks.
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正当持票人
又称善意持票人。善意地花了对价，取得一张表面完整、合格的未到期票据的持票人。他具有以下特征：
(1)所得票据表面完全正常；
(2)没有过期；
(3)善意地取得汇票，支付了对价，从而对票据拥有完全的权利；
(4)没有发现该汇票曾被退票，不知道前手的权利有任何缺陷。
Holder in Due Course
Holder in Due Course, or bona-fide holder, is the person who is in possession of an instrument that is:
1) Complete and regular on its face.
2) Taken before maturity.
3) Taken in good faith and for value.
4) Taken without notice of its previous dishonor and without notice of any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating it.
Holder in Due Course
Holder in Due Course, or bona-fide holder, is the person who is in possession of an instrument that is:
1) Complete and regular on its face.
2) Taken before maturity.
3) Taken in good faith and for value.
4) Taken without notice of its previous dishonor and without notice of any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating it.
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对价持票人
是为票据付出了对价的持有人。一旦为某一票据付出了对价，则为此付出对价的持有人以及随后所有的持有人都是对价持票人。
Holder for Value
It refers to the holder when the value is given by his prior parties rather than by himself.
Holder for Value
It refers to the holder when the value is given by his prior parties rather than by himself.
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持票人
即指持有汇票、有权收款的人，是汇票的合法持有者。
Holder
A holder is a party who is in possession of the instrument. A holder can be the payee/ bearer or the endorsee.
Holder
A holder is a party who is in possession of the instrument. A holder can be the payee/ bearer or the endorsee.
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承兑人
是指在承兑汇票上承诺并记载汇票到期日支付汇票金额的付款人，也是汇票的主债务人。
Acceptor
An acceptor is the party who signs on a acceptance bill with his assent to the order given by the drawer. He engages to make payment at maturity. Acceptor is also the principal debtor of a bill.
Acceptor
An acceptor is the party who signs on a acceptance bill with his assent to the order given by the drawer. He engages to make payment at maturity. Acceptor is also the principal debtor of a bill.
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汇票收款人
是指汇票规定的可收取票款的人，也称抬头人，是汇票的受益人，也是第一持票人。在进出口业务中，通常是出口商或其指定银行。
Payee
Payee, or addressee, is the party to whom the payment is ordered to be made. Payee is both the beneficiary and the original bearer of a bill.The payee is usually the exporter or his appointed bank.
Payee
Payee, or addressee, is the party to whom the payment is ordered to be made. Payee is both the beneficiary and the original bearer of a bill.The payee is usually the exporter or his appointed bank
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受票人
又叫“付款人"，是指接受委托支付票据金额的人、接受支付命令的人。进出口业务中，通常为进口人或其指定银行。
Drawee
Drawee, or payer, is the person to whom the order is addressed and the person to make payment. He is usually the importer or his appointed bank in import and export trade.
Drawee
Drawee, or payer, is the person to whom the order is addressed and the person to make payment. He is usually the importer or his appointed bank in import and export trade
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出票人
是开立、签发汇票并交付给他人的法人、其它组织或者个人。通常是出口商。
Drawer
Drawer is a corporation, organization or individual who issues, signs and gives a draft to another party with directions to make a specific payment of money. He is usually the exporter.
Drawer
Drawer is a corporation, organization or individual who issues, signs and gives a draft to another party with directions to make a specific payment of money. He is usually the exporter.
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远期汇票
是在出票一定期限后或特定日期付款的汇票。远期汇票多为商业汇票。
远期汇票的付款时间，有以下几种规定办法：
1. 见票后若干天付款
2. 出票后若干天付款
3. 提单签发日后若干天付款
4. 指定日期付款
Time Bill / Usance Bill/ Time Draft
A usance bill is drawn payable at a fixed period after date or at a determinable future time. Usance bills are often for commercial use.
There are several stipulations for the tenor of usance bill.
1. Pay at XX days after sight
2. Pay at XX days after date
3. Pay at XX days after date of Bill of Lading
4. Pay at fixed date
Time Bill / Usance Bill/ Time Draft
A usance bill is drawn payable at a fixed period after date or at a determinable future time. Usance bills are often for commercial use.
There are several stipulations for the tenor of usance bill.
1. Pay at XX days after sight
2. Pay at XX days after date
3. Pay at XX days after date of Bill of Lading
4. Pay at fixed date
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即期汇票
是指持票人向付款人提示后对方立即付款的汇票，又称“见票即付”汇票。银行汇票多是即期汇票。
Sight Bill/ Demand Draft
A sight bill is payable at sight, on demand or on presentation.
Sight Bill/ Demand Draft
A sight bill is payable at sight, on demand or on presentation.
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跟单汇票
是指附带有关票据的汇票，附带票据可能是发票、提单、保险单等。商业汇票多为跟单汇票。
Documentary Bill
Documentary bill is a bill accompanied by related documents including commercial invoice, bill of lading and insurance policy, etc. Commercial bills are often documentary bill.
Documentary Bill
Documentary bill is a bill accompanied by related documents including commercial invoice, bill of lading and insurance policy, etc. Commercial bills are often documentary bill.
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光票
是指不附带任何单据的汇票。银行汇票多为光票。光票常在国际贸易中支付佣金、代垫费用以及收取货款尾数时开立。
Clean Bill
Clean bill means a bill accompanied by no documents. It is commonly issued to pay commission, reimbursed costs and collect balance payment in the international trade. Banker's drafts are often clean bill.
Clean Bill
Clean bill means a bill accompanied by no documents. It is commonly issued to pay commission, reimbursed costs and collect balance payment in the international trade. Banker's drafts are often clean bill.
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商业承兑汇票
是指建立在商业信用基础上的，由以银行以外的任何商号或个人为承兑人的远期汇票。
Commercial Acceptance Bill/ Trader's Acceptance Bill
A usance bill accepted by any commercial firm or person on the basis of commercial credit.
Commercial Acceptance Bill/ Trader's Acceptance Bill
A usance bill accepted by any commercial firm or person on the basis of commercial credit.
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银行承兑汇票
是指汇票上的付款人为银行，以银行为承兑人的远期汇票。
Banker's Acceptance Bill
A usance bill drawn by a bank and accepted by a bank.
Banker's Acceptance Bill
A usance bill drawn by a bank and accepted by a bank.
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商业汇票
是指由企业或个人签发的汇票。商业汇票的付款人可以是企业、个人或银行。
Commercial Bill/ Trade Bill
A commercial bill/trade bill is issued by a commercial firm or individual and the drawee could be a commercial firm, individual or bank.
Commercial Bill/ Trade Bill
A commercial bill/trade bill is issued by a commercial firm or individual and the drawee could be a commercial firm, individual or bank.
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汇票
汇票是汇票是出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时，或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。汇票是国际结算中使用最广泛的一种信用工具。基本的法律关系最少有三个人物：出票人、受票人和收款人。
Bill of Exchange
A bill of exchange or draft is an unconditional order in writing, addressed and signed by one party (drawer) to another (drawee) directing the drawee to pay a specified sum of money to the order of a specified person (the payee), or to the bearer, on demand or at a fixed and determinable future time.
It's the most widely used credit payment instrument in International Settlement which consists of three legal parties, drawer, drawee and payee.
Bill of Exchange
A bill of exchange or draft is an unconditional order in writing, addressed and signed by one party (drawer) to another (drawee) directing the drawee to pay a specified sum of money to the order of a specified person (the payee), or to the bearer, on demand or at a fixed and determinable future time.
It's the most widely used credit payment instrument in International Settlement which consists of three legal parties, drawer, drawee and payee.
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电汇
是指汇出行应汇款人申请,拍发加押电报\电传或SWIFT给在另一国家的分行或代理行(即汇入行)指示解付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款方式。电汇方式的优点在收款人可以迅速收到货款且安全系数高，但费用也较高。是目前使用较多的一种方式。
Telegraphic Transfer (T/T)
Telegraphic Transfer means that the remitting bank, at the request of remitter, sends payment order by means of a tested cable, telex, SWIFT or other telecommunication to its foreign branch or correspondent bank (paying bank), instructing the latter to pay a certain amount of remittance to a payee. T/T is one of the most popular payment methods nowadays, though higher in cost but quite safe and prompt.
Telegraphic Transfer (T/T)
Telegraphic Transfer means that the remitting bank, at the request of remitter, sends payment order by means of a tested cable, telex, SWIFT or other telecommunication to its foreign branch or correspondent bank (paying bank), instructing the latter to pay a certain amount of remittance to a payee. T/T is one of the most popular payment methods nowadays, though higher in cost but quite safe and prompt.
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货到付款
又称先出后结，是指出口商先发出货物、进口商后付款的结算方式，此方式实际属于赊账交易（O/A），如交货付现（Cash on Delivery，简称COD）就是其中较为典型的。货到付款在国际贸易中通常采用售定和寄售两种贸易形势。
Payment after Arrival of Goods
Payment after Arrival of Goods, or credit transaction, or cash on delivery or open account, means an arrangement between the buyer and seller whereby the goods are manufactured and delivered before payment is made. It includes goods sold and sold on consignment.
Payment after Arrival of Goods
Payment after Arrival of Goods, or credit transaction, or cash on delivery or open account, means an arrangement between the buyer and seller whereby the goods are manufactured and delivered before payment is made. It includes goods sold and sold on consignment.
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预付货款
又称先结后出，是指进口商先将货款汇付给出口商，出口商收到货款后再发货的方法。例如订货时汇付（Cash with Order)或交货前汇付货款。
Payment in Advance
Payment in Advance means that the buyer simply pays at the time of order (Cash with Order) or prior to shipment of goods.
Payment in Advance
Payment in Advance means that the buyer simply pays at the time of order (Cash with Order) or prior to shipment of goods.
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借记
银行账户上余额的减少用借记to credit。 “请借记我行账”，即往来账中减少一笔款项。
To Debit
Deducting a sum of money from the balance of bank account. E.g. Please debit the sum to our account with you.
To Debit
Deducting a sum of money from the balance of bank account. E.g. Please debit the sum to our account with you.
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贷记
银行账户上余额的增加用贷记to credit。 “已贷记你行账”，即往来账中增加一笔款项。
To Credit
Adding a sum of money to the balance of bank account. E.g. In cover, we have credit the sum to your account with us.
To Credit
Adding a sum of money to the balance of bank account. E.g. In cover, we have credit the sum to your account with us.
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头寸调拨
在向汇入行发出付款委托后，汇出行必须将相应的汇款金额拨付给汇入行，以偿付汇入行对收款人的解付，称为头寸调拨或拨头寸。
Reimbursement of Remittance Cover
By entrusting the receiving bank for remittance, the remitting bank should transfer correspondent amount of money to the receiving bank as a reimbursement for its payment to the payee.
Reimbursement of Remittance Cover
By entrusting the receiving bank for remittance, the remitting bank should transfer correspondent amount of money to the receiving bank as a reimbursement for its payment to the payee.
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头寸
汇款资金的调拨与偿付。
Cover
Cover refers to the fund transfer and reimbursement.
Cover
Cover refers to the fund transfer and reimbursement.
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退汇
汇款人或收款人某一方，在汇款解付前要求撤销该笔汇款。
Cancellation of the Remittance
To cancel the remittance before payment, which can be effected by remitter or payee.
Cancellation of the Remittance
To cancel the remittance before payment, which can be effected by remitter or payee.
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票汇
汇出行应汇款人的申请，代汇款人开立以其分行或代理行为解付行的银行即期汇票(Banker's Demand Draft)，支付一定金额给收款人的汇款方式。
Banker's Demand Draft (D/D)
Demand draft means the remitting bank, at the request of the remitter, draws a bill of exchange on its branch or correspondent (the paying bank), ordering the latter to pay on demand a certain sum of money to the beneficiary.
Banker's Demand Draft (D/D)
Demand draft means the remitting bank, at the request of the remitter, draws a bill of exchange on its branch or correspondent (the paying bank), ordering the latter to pay on demand a certain sum of money to the beneficiary.
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信汇
汇出行应汇款人的申请，用航空信函的形式，将信汇委托书（M/T Advice）或支付委托书（Payment Order)邮寄给汇入银行，授权解付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款方式。采用信汇费用低廉，但收汇时间缓慢。
Mail Transfer (M/T)
Mail Transfer is the payment method that at the request of the remitter, the remitting sends a payment order or an advice by airmail to its branch or correspondent abroad, authorizing the latter to pay a definite sum of money to the payee. By M/T, the postal process requires more time than wire, though cheaper.
Mail Transfer (M/T)
Mail Transfer is the payment method that at the request of the remitter, the remitting sends a payment order or an advice by airmail to its branch or correspondent abroad, authorizing the latter to pay a definite sum of money to the payee. By M/T, the postal process requires more time than wire, though cheaper.
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密押
是指银行接收另一家银行电文时所使用的事先约定的专用押码，在没有签字的情况下，用于验证电报或电传的真实性。密押的机密性很强。尽管没有统一的格式，一般是一项数字，分别代表月份、星期、年份、金额和货币。
Telegraphic Test Key
Test key are code arrangements that enable banks receiving cables from other banks to verify that the cables or telexes are authentic in the absence of written signatures. These codes are strictly confidential. Although there is no standard form for test keys, a test key generally consists of a series of tabulated numbers respectively representating the month, the week, the year, the amount and the currency.
Telegraphic Test Key
Test key are code arrangements that enable banks receiving cables from other banks to verify that the cables or telexes are authentic in the absence of written signatures. These codes are strictly confidential. Although there is no standard form for test keys, a test key generally consists of a series of tabulated numbers respectively representating the month, the week, the year, the amount and the currency.
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环球银行间金融电讯协会(SWIFT)
是一个国际银行同业间的非盈利性的国际合作组织，负责建立环球金融信息发送网络，用来在银行和其他金融机构传输电文来完成金融交易。SWIFT以其费用低廉、安全、可靠、快捷、标准化、自动化等优点，已成为银行之间划拨资金、开立信用证和往来联系的主要通信工具。
SWIFT
SWIFT is abbreviation for SOCIETY FOR WORLDWIDE INTERBANK FINANCIAL TELECOMMUNICATION. It is an international inter-bank non-profit organization operating a worldwide finacial messaging network which exchanges messages between banks and other financial institutions to complete financial transactions. Owning to its low expense, safety, reliability , efficiency, standardization and automation, SWIFT has become the main telecommuniction instrument for inter-banks to transfer funds, open L/C as well as other business contacts.
SWIFT
SWIFT is abbreviation for SOCIETY FOR WORLDWIDE INTERBANK FINANCIAL TELECOMMUNICATION. It is an international inter-bank non-profit organization operating a worldwide finacial messaging network which exchanges messages between banks and other financial institutions to complete financial transactions. Owning to its low expense, safety, reliability , efficiency, standardization and automation, SWIFT has become the main telecommuniction instrument for inter-banks to transfer funds, open L/C as well as other business contacts.
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顺汇
顺汇也称汇付法（To remit)，是指资金的流动方向与支付工具的传递方向相同，即付款人主动将货款通过银行交付给收款人。汇付采用的是顺汇的方法。
Remittance
Remittance indicates that the funds flow in a favorable direction to the payment instructions transmitted therefrom. In this way the buyer on his own initiative remits money to the seller through a bank. Remittance adopts this payment method.
Remittance
Remittance indicates that the funds flow in a favorable direction to the payment instructions transmitted therefrom. In this way the buyer on his own initiative remits money to the seller through a bank. Remittance adopts this payment method.
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往账
本国银行以外国货币在外国银行设立账户，即我行设在你行的账户，则此账户对本国银行来说是往账。
Nostro Account
Nostro translated from Latin means "ours," as in our accounts, as our account with you. A nostro account is a foreign currency account of a domestic bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.
Nostro Account
Nostro translated from Latin means "ours," as in our accounts, as our account with you. A nostro account is a foreign currency account of a domestic bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.
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来账
外国银行在国内银行设立账户，即你行设在我行的账户，则此账户对本国银行来说是来账。来账通常以本币开立，也可以用境外货币。
Vostro Account
The term vostro translated from Latin means "yours," as your account with us. A vostro account is an account held by a domestic bank on behalf of a correspondent bank in local currency or foreign currency.
Vostro Account
The term vostro translated from Latin means "yours," as your account with us. A vostro account is an account held by a domestic bank on behalf of a correspondent bank in local currency or foreign currency.
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代理行
是指与其他国家建立往来账户，代理对方的一些业务，为对方提供服务的银行。对一家银行来说，代理行实际上不附属于本银行，代理行关系就是不同国家银行之间建立的结算关系。
分类：
1. 账户行 Depository Bank: 代理行之间因发生货币收付业务的需要，单方或者双方互相在对方银行开设账户，称为账户代理行（Depository Correspondents)，简称账户行（Depository Bank)。账户行之间可以直接代理货币收付。
2. 非账户行 Non-depository Bank：没有建立账户关系的代理行，他们之间的货币收付需要通过第三家银行办理。
Correspondent Bank
A correspondent bank is a financial institution that provides services on behalf of another, equal or unequal, financial institution. It can facilitate wire transfers, conduct business transactions, accept deposits and gather documents on behalf of another financial institution. Correspondent banks are most likely to be used by domestic banks to service transactions that either originate or are completed in foreign countries, acting as a domestic bank's agent abroad.
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1. Depository Bank. The correspondent bank(s) unilaterally or bilaterally establishes an account(s) in each other's bank. They can manage payment withdraw and deposite directly.
2. Non-depository Bank. It refers to the correspondent banks which have no accounts in each other's bank.
Correspondent Bank
A correspondent bank is a financial institution that provides services on behalf of another, equal or unequal, financial institution. It can facilitate wire transfers, conduct business transactions, accept deposits and gather documents on behalf of another financial institution. Correspondent banks are most likely to be used by domestic banks to service transactions that either originate or are completed in foreign countries, acting as a domestic bank's agent abroad.
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1. Depository Bank. The correspondent bank(s) unilaterally or bilaterally establishes an account(s) in each other's bank. They can manage payment withdraw and deposite directly.
2. Non-depository Bank. It refers to the correspondent banks which have no accounts in each other's bank.
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汇入行(解付行)
是指接受汇出行的委托解付款项的银行，又称解付行。汇入行通常是汇出行在收款人所在地的联行或代理行。
Paying Bank
A paying bank is entrusted by the remitting bank to release payment to the beneficiary. It is usually the branch or the correspondent bank of the remitting bank in the exporter's domicile.
Paying Bank
A paying bank is entrusted by the remitting bank to release payment to the beneficiary. It is usually the branch or the correspondent bank of the remitting bank in the exporter's domicile.
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汇出行
接受汇款人的委托汇出款项的银行，通常是进口地的银行。
Remitting Bank
The bank who remits the fund at the request of a remitter to its correspondent or branch in another country, instructing the latter to pay a certain amount of money to the beneficiary. It is usually the bank in the importer's domicile.
Remitting Bank
The bank who remits the fund at the request of a remitter to its correspondent or branch in another country, instructing the latter to pay a certain amount of money to the beneficiary. It is usually the bank in the importer's domicile.
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收款人
即收取款项的人。在进出口贸易中通常是出口人。
Payee /Beneficiary
The person who is addressed to receive the funds by the remittance. He is usually the exporter in the international trade.
Payee /Beneficiary
The person who is addressed to receive the funds by the remittance. He is usually the exporter in the international trade.
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汇款人
即付款人，是主动将款项交付给银行，委托银行办理汇出款项业务的人。在进出口贸易中通常是进口人。
Remitter
Remitter, or payer, is the party who requests his bank to remit funds to the payee/beneficiary in a foreign country. He is usually the importer in the international trade.
Remitter
Remitter, or payer, is the party who requests his bank to remit funds to the payee/beneficiary in a foreign country. He is usually the importer in the international trade.
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汇入汇款
国外汇入汇款又简称汇入汇款。它是指代理行、海外联行接受客户委托，将款项汇入国内银行并指示其将该笔款项解付给收款人的结算方式，是最方便快捷的出口结算。
Inward Reminttance
Inward remittances from abroad represent a mode of financial settlement, by which an overseas remitter transmits payment in foreign currencies to a domestic recipient through a bank.
Inward Reminttance
Inward remittances from abroad represent a mode of financial settlement, by which an overseas remitter transmits payment in foreign currencies to a domestic recipient through a bank.
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汇出汇款
汇出汇款是指银行应汇款人的要求，通过国外代理行和账户行，以电、票、信汇的方式将外汇资金汇入汇款人指定的账户。
Outward Remittance
Outward remittances to foreign countries represent a mode of financial settlement, by which a domestic remitter transmits payment in foreign currencies to the recipient abroad,, through a bank.
Outward Remittance
Outward remittances to foreign countries represent a mode of financial settlement, by which a domestic remitter transmits payment in foreign currencies to the recipient abroad,, through a bank.
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逆汇
Reverse Remittance means that the funds flow in a contrary direction to the payment instructions transmitted therefrom. In this way the buyer on his own initiative asks a bank to get the money from the buyer. Collection and L/C adopt this payment method.
Reverse Remittance
Reverse Remittance means that the funds flow in a contrary direction to the payment instructions transmitted therefrom. In this way the buyer on his own initiative asks a bank to get the money from the buyer. Collection and L/C adopt this payment method.
Reverse Remittance
Reverse Remittance means that the funds flow in a contrary direction to the payment instructions transmitted therefrom. In this way the buyer on his own initiative asks a bank to get the money from the buyer. Collection and L/C adopt this payment method.
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汇付
汇付又称汇款，是指付款人（债务人）主动通过银行或其他途径将款项汇交收款人（债权人）的一种结算方式。优点是手续简便、费用低廉,是国际贸易中最简单的结汇方式。汇付分为电汇、信汇和票汇。
Remittance
Remittance means a bank( the remitting bank), at the request of its customer (the remitter), transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branch or correspondent bank instructing it to pay to a named person ( the payee or beneficiary) domiciled in that country. The definition of remittance indicates that the payer initiatively deposited the money to the debtor's bank. Convenience and low expense makes it the simplest settlement in the international trade.
There are three categories of such remittances – including those by telegraphic transfer, mail transfer and demand transfer.
Remittance
Remittance means a bank( the remitting bank), at the request of its customer (the remitter), transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branch or correspondent bank instructing it to pay to a named person ( the payee or beneficiary) domiciled in that country. The definition of remittance indicates that the payer initiatively deposited the money to the debtor's bank. Convenience and low expense makes it the simplest settlement in the international trade.
There are three categories of such remittances – including those by telegraphic transfer, mail transfer and demand transfer.
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议付信用证
标明“议付兑付”（Available by negotiation)的信用证称为议付信用证（Negotiation Credit)。议付信用证是指开证行在信用证中，邀请其他银行预先买入汇票及/或单据的信用证，即允许受益人向某一指定银行或任何银行交单议付的信用证。
Negotiation Credit
A negotiation credit contains notation of ""Available by negotiation"", under which the issuing bank authorizes other nominated banks to purchase the drafts and/or documents by advancing funds to the beneficiary. Or the beneficiary is permitted to negotiate payment with any nominated bank(s) under complying presentation.
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不符点
是指在对外贸易过程中，银行给买家开出信用证(L/C)，卖家没有按照信用证的要求出具的单据内容，一旦卖方的单证跟L/C上有不相符合的地方，即使一个字母或一个标点符号与信用证不相符合，都记为一处不符点。
Discrepancy
The exporter's delivered documents are non-compliance with credit drawn on the importer. Any inconsistency, even if a letter or punctuation is marked as one discrepency.
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信用证的修改
是指信用证开立后，当发现信用证条款与合同或时间规定不相符时，需要对信用证加以修改，否则将影响货物的进口。
Amendment
Amendment is the process whereby the terms and conditions of a credit may be modified after issuance, especially when the clauses of the credit are not compliance with the sales contract or prescribed time, which may greatly affect the import and export of goods.
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跟单信用证
是指开证行凭跟单汇票或仅凭装运单据付款的信用证。在国际贸易的货款结算中，绝大部分使用跟单信用证。
Documentary L/C
Documentary L/C is the credit under which the issuing bank only effects payment against the presentation of documentary drafts or shipping documents. It is widespreadly used in the international settlement.
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光票信用证
是指开证行仅凭不随附装运单据的汇票付款的信用证。在采用信用证方式预付货款时，通常是光票信用证。
Clean L/C
Clean L/C is the credit under which the issuing bank effects payment against drafts only without shipping documents. Clean L/C is mostly used in the trade of Payment in Advance.
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不可撤销信用证
指信用证一经开出，在有效期内，未经受益人及有关当事人的同意，开证行不得片面修改和撤销，只要受益人提供的单据符合信用证条款，开证行必须履行承付义务。
Irrevocable L/C
A credit that constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honor the complying documents. It cannot be cancelled/amended without the express consent of the beneficiary and other concerning parties within the validity period.
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即期付款信用证
注明“即期付款兑付”（Available by Payment at sight)的信用证称为即期付款信用证。是指开证行或付款行收到符合信用证条款的跟单汇票或装运单据后，立即履行付款义务的信用证。
L/C at Sight
L/C at sight, or Sight Payment Creditis the credit marked "Available by Payment at sight". It means that documentary drafts or shipping documents in conformity with the terms and conditions of the credit are honored by issuing bank or paying bank at sight to the beneficiary upon presentation.
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远期信用证
指开证行或付款行收到信用证的单据时，在规定期限内履行付款义务的信用证。
Usance L/C
Under a usance L/C, the issuing bank or paying bank will not effect payment upon presentation of documents, but at a later prescribed time period.
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承兑信用证
是指信用证指定的付款行在收到信用证规定的远期汇票和单据，审单无误后，先在该远期汇票上履行承兑手续，等到该远期汇票到期，付款行才进行付款的信用证。由于这种信用证规定的远期汇票是由银行承兑的，所以，也称为“银行承兑信用证”(Banker’S Acceptance Credit)。
Acceptance Credit
Acceptance Credit is a credit available by acceptance, under which a bank specifically nominated upon therein is authorized to accept the draft drawn under the credit. Such credits are accepted by the bank, and therefore they are also called Banker’S Acceptance Credit.
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延期付款信用证
标明“延期付款兑现”（Available by Deferred Payment)的信用证称为延期付款信用证。它是远期信用证的一种。是指开证行或指定银行在收到相符交单后，按信用证规定在一个确定或可确定的将来时间承担付款责任的信用证。
Deferred Payment L/C
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单证严格相符原则
是指卖方在向银行提交单据要求付款时，这些单据必须在表面上完全符合信用证的要求，银行才予以付款。
Doctrine of Strict Compliance
Doctrine of Strict Compliance means the rule by which the payment is only to be made to the exporter provided that the presented documents appear on the fact to be in strict compliance with the credit terms.
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保兑信用证
是指开证行开出的信用证，由另一银行保证对符合信用证条款规定的单据履行付款义务。
Confirmed L/C
The credit issued by the issuing bank is to be confirmed by another bank engaging that drafts drawn in conformity with the terms of the credit will be duly honored.
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不保兑信用证
开证行开出的信用证没有经另一家银行保兑。当开证行资信较好和成交金额不大时，一般都是用这种不保兑的信用证。
Unconfirmed L/C
A credit without confirmation by another bank. It is normally used for the creditworthy banks or small transation payment.
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可转让信用证
是指明确表明其“可以转让”的信用证。根据受益人（“第一受益人”）的请求，转让信用证可以被全部或部分地转让给其他受益人（“第二受益人”）。
Untransferable Credit
Untransferable credit means a credit that specifically states it is "untransferable". The beneficiary can not transfer the right of credit to others.
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循环信用证
指信用证被全部或部分使用后，其金额又恢复到原金额，可再次使用，直至达到规定的次数或规定的总金额为止。它通常在分批均匀交货情况下使用。
Revolving L/C
One by which, under the terms and conditions thereof, the amount is renewed or reinstated without specific amendments to the documentary credit being required.
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对开信用证
指两张信用证申请人互以对方为受益人而开立的信用证。两张信用证的金额相等或大体相等，可同时互开，也可先后开立。它多用于易货贸易或来料加工和补偿贸易业务。
Reciprcal Credit
A receiprocal credit is mostly used in a barter trade, a trade of processing of incoming materials, a counter trade, or a compensation trade. In the above types of trade, there are usually two transactions and letters of credit involved. The applicant of one credit (the original credit) may assume the position of the beneficiary of the other credit (the reciprocal credit), and the beneficiary of the first credit is the applicant of the second credit. The value of two letters of credit are equal or generally same. They can be issued at the same time or one after the other.
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背对背信用证
是指一张信用证的受益人以一个已经存在的不可撤销不可转让信用证为保证，要求该证的通知行或其他银行在该证的基础上，开立一张以本地或第三国的实际供货商为受益人的新证。
Back to Back Credit
A back-to-back credit is a new credit opened in favor of another beneficiary (actual supplier in domestic or the third country) on the basis of an already existing, irrevocable and non-transferable credit. It is issued at the request of this existing credit through its advising bank or other banks.
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预支信用证
预支信用证是指允许受益人在货物装运交单前预支货款的信用证，有全部预支和部分预支两种。受益人可以向开证行预支，也可以向议付行预支。为引人注目，这种预支货款的条款原先常用红字，故习称“红条款信用证”（Red Clause L/C）。
Anticipatory Credit
Anticipatory Credit, or packing credit, is a credit with a special clause added thereto that authorizes the issuing bank or negotiating bank to make full or partial advances to the beneficiary prior to presentation of documents. The clause under this credit is traditionally written in red to draw attention and therefore also known as "Red Clause L/C.
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备用信用证
又称担保信用证，是指不以清偿商品交易的价款为目的，而以贷款融资，或担保债务偿还为目的所开立的信用证。开证行保证在开证申请人未能履行其应履行的义务时，受益人只要凭备用信用证的规定向开证行开具汇票，并随附开证申请人未履行义务的声明或证明文件，即可得到开证行的偿付。
Standby L/C
Standby L/C, or Guaranteed L/C, is an obligation on the part of an issuing bank to pay a beneficiary in the case of the nonperformance of the applicant. The issuing bank engages that the beneficiary will obtain reimbursement provided that the drafts are drawn in compliance with the terms and rules of the standby credit enclosed by the statements or proof of nonperformance of the applicant.
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被指定银行
指有权使用信用证的银行，对于可供任何银行使用的信用证而言，任何银行均为被指定银行。
Nominated Bank
Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank.
Nominated Bank
Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank.
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开证申请人
按照UCP600的定义，申请人是指开立信用证的一方。在实际业务中，申请人通常是进口商。
Applicant
According to UCP600, applicant is the party on whose request the credit is issued. It is mainly the importer in the international trade.
Applicant
According to UCP600, applicant is the party on whose request the credit is issued. It is mainly the importer in the international trade.
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开证行
按照UCP600的定义，开证行是指应开证申请人的要求或代表其自身开出信用证的银行。在实际业务中，开证行一般为进口地的银行。
Issuing Bank
According to UCP600, issuing Bank is the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf. It's normally the bank in the importer's domicile.
Issuing Bank
According to UCP600, issuing Bank is the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf. It's normally the bank in the importer's domicile.
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通知行
按照UCP600的定义,是指应开证行要求，向受益人通知信用证的银行。通知行一般是开证行在出口商所在地的代理行。
Advising Bank/ Notifying Bank
According to UCP600, advising Bank is the bank that advises the credit to the beneficiary at the request of the issuing bank. It's normally the correspondent bank in the exporter's domicile.
Advising Bank/ Notifying Bank
According to UCP600, advising Bank is the bank that advises the credit to the beneficiary at the request of the issuing bank. It's normally the correspondent bank in the exporter's domicile.
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第二通知行
UCP600新增了“第二通知行（Second Advising Bank）”的概念，即通知行可以通过另一银行（“第二通知行”）向受益人通知信用证及其修改。第二通知行即表明其认为所受到的通知的表面真实性得到满足，且通知准确地反应了所受到的信用证或修改的条款及条件。
Second Advising Bank
It is a new conception stipulated by UCP600. It means that the advising bank can advise the credit (and its amendment) to the beneficiary through another bank. By advising the credit or amendment, the second advising bank signifies that it has satisfied itself as to the apparent authenticity of the advice it has received and that the advice accurately reflects the terms and conditions of the credit or amendment received.
Second Advising Bank
It is a new conception stipulated by UCP600. It means that the advising bank can advise the credit (and its amendment) to the beneficiary through another bank. By advising the credit or amendment, the second advising bank signifies that it has satisfied itself as to the apparent authenticity of the advice it has received and that the advice accurately reflects the terms and conditions of the credit or amendment received.
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付款行
付款行是开证行的付款代理人。开证行在信用证中指定另一家银行为信用证项下汇票的付款人，这银行就是付款行。它可以是通知行或其它银行。
Paying Bank/ Accepting Bank
The issuing bank may nomiate another bank, in most cases the advising bank, to effect payment or to make acceptance under a credit. Such a bank is referred to as the paying bank or accepting bank as the case may be.
Paying Bank/ Accepting Bank
The issuing bank may nomiate another bank, in most cases the advising bank, to effect payment or to make acceptance under a credit. Such a bank is referred to as the paying bank or accepting bank as the case may be.
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保兑行
Confirming Bank is the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing bank’s authorization or request.
Confirming Bank
Confirming Bank is the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing bank’s authorization or request.
Confirming Bank
Confirming Bank is the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing bank’s authorization or request.
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偿付行
是指信用证指定的代开证行向议付行、承兑行或付款行清偿垫款的第三国银行。
Reimbursing Bank
A bank other than the issuing bank nominated in credit to reimburse negotiating bank, accepting bank or paying bank with the instruction or authorization from the issuing bank.
Reimbursing Bank
A bank other than the issuing bank nominated in credit to reimburse negotiating bank, accepting bank or paying bank with the instruction or authorization from the issuing bank.
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索偿行
当付款行、承兑行或议付行根据开证行的指示履行了付款责任、承兑责任或议付责任后，付款行、承兑行或议付行有权向开证行提出索偿要求，这些银行统称为索偿行。
Claiming bank
When a bank effects payment, acceptance or negotiation in accordance with the instructions from the issuing bank, it is entitled to request the issuing bank or the bank nominated by the issuing bank to cover the reimbursement that has been made. Such a paying bank, accepting bank or negotiating bank, which claims reimbursement from the issuing bank or its nominated bank is claiming bank.
Claiming bank
When a bank effects payment, acceptance or negotiation in accordance with the instructions from the issuing bank, it is entitled to request the issuing bank or the bank nominated by the issuing bank to cover the reimbursement that has been made. Such a paying bank, accepting bank or negotiating bank, which claims reimbursement from the issuing bank or its nominated bank is claiming bank.
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转让行
转让行是指由开证行特别授权并实际办理转让信用证的银行。UCP600还规定，开证行也可担任转让行。除上述银行外，其他因银行一概无权办理信用证的转让。
Transferring Bank
Transferring Bank is a bank specifically authorized by the issuing bank to perform Transferable Credit. According to UCP600, an issuing bank may be a transerring bank.
Transferring Bank
Transferring Bank is a bank specifically authorized by the issuing bank to perform Transferable Credit. According to UCP600, an issuing bank may be a transerring bank.
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跟单信用证统一惯例
是国际银行界、律师界、学术界自觉遵守的“法律”，是全世界公认的、到目前为止最为成功的一套非官方规定。最新版本是2006年通过的UCP600。
UCP
Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP600)
UCP
Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP600)
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受益人
按照UCP600的定义，受益人是指有权使用信用证的人。在实际业务中，受益人通常是进口商或实际供货人。
Benificiary
The party in whose favour a credit is issued. He is usually the exporter or actual supplier in the international trade.
Benificiary
The party in whose favour a credit is issued. He is usually the exporter or actual supplier in the international trade.
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受让人
受让人又称第二受益人（Second Beneficiary)，是指接受第一受益人转让有权使用信用证的人，大都是出口人的实际供货商。在可转让信用证下，受益人有权要求将该证的全部或一部分转让给第三者，该第三者即为信用证的受让人。
Transferee
Transferee, or Second Beneficiary is usually the actual supplier of exporter to whom the credit is transferred. Under the Tranferable Credit, the beneficiary reserves the right to make the credit available in whole or in part to one or more other beneficiary (second beneficiary) , namely the transferee.
Transferee
Transferee, or Second Beneficiary is usually the actual supplier of exporter to whom the credit is transferred. Under the Tranferable Credit, the beneficiary reserves the right to make the credit available in whole or in part to one or more other beneficiary (second beneficiary) , namely the transferee.
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议付
是指被指定银行在其应获得偿付的银行日或在此之前，通过向受益人预付或者同意向受益人预付款项的方式购买相符提示项下的汇票（汇票付款人为被指定银行以外的银行）及/或单据。
Negotiation
Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to be paid to the nominated bank.
Negotiation
Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to be paid to the nominated bank.
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保兑
指保兑行在开证行之外对于相符提示做出兑付或议付的确定承诺。
Confirmation
Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a complying presentation.
Confirmation
Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a complying presentation.
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承付
是指：
1. 对于即期付款信用证即期付款。
2. 对于延期付款信用证发出延期付款承诺并到期付款。
3. 对于承兑信用证承兑由受益人出具的汇票并到期付款。
Honour
Honor means:
a. to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment.
b. to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment.
c. to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.
Honour
Honor means:
a. to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment.
b. to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment.
c. to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.
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提示
是指信用证项下单据被提交至开证行或被指定银行，抑或指按此方式提交的单据。
Presentation
Presentation means either the delivery of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated bank or the documents so delivered.
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提示人
是指做出提示的受益人、银行或其他一方。
Presenter
Presenter means a beneficiary, bank or other party that makes a presentation.
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相符提示
与信用证中的条款及条件、UCP600的相关适用条款以及国际标准银行实务一致的交单。
Complying Presentation
Complying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, the applicable provisions of UCP600 and international standard banking practice.
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信用证
《UCP600》规定：信用证意指一项约定，无论其如何命名或描述，该约定不可撤销并因此构成开证行对于相符提示予以兑付的确定承诺。
简言之，信用证是开证银行应申请人（买方）的要求并按其指示向受益人开立的载有一定金额的、在一定的期限内凭符合规定的单据付款的书面保证文件。即信用证是一种银行开立的凭装运单据付款的书面承诺。是国际贸易中最主要、最常用的支付方式。
Letter of Credit (L/C)
It is stipulated by UCP600 that credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation.
A Letter of Credit is a written undertaking issued by a bank for the account of the buyer (the application), to pay the Beneficiary a sum certain in money within a prescribed time period, provided that the terms and conditions of the documentary credit are complied with.
Letter of Credit (L/C)
It is stipulated by UCP600 that credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation.
A Letter of Credit is a written undertaking issued by a bank for the account of the buyer (the application), to pay the Beneficiary a sum certain in money within a prescribed time period, provided that the terms and conditions of the documentary credit are complied with.
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跟单托收
是指委托人向托收行提交发票、提单等商业单据，可提交也可不提交金融单据（汇票等），委托其代为收款的结算方式。国际贸易中，货款的收取大多采用跟单托收。
根据交付单据的条件不同，分类：
1. 承兑交单（Documents against Acceptance ，简称D/A)
2. 付款交单（Documents against Payment，简称D/P)
Documentary Collection
Documentary Collection are collections on commercial documents (Invoice, B/L, etc.) being accompanied with/ or without financial documents (bill of exchange, etc.). This type of collection is popularly used in the international trade.
According to the different terms of delivery of documents, documentary collection can be divided into D/A and D/P.
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托收贷款
出口商在资金不足的情况下可以要求托收行发放低于托收金额的贷款。
Advanced against Collection
On the request of seller, the remitting bank may make a loan to him against the drafts and documents under collection. The amount of the loan is a proportion of the value of the draft.
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出口托收押汇
是指采用托收结算方式的出口商在提交单据，委托银行代向进口商收取款项的同时，要求托收行先预支部分或全部货款，待托收款项收妥后归还银行垫款的融资方式。
Collection Bills Purchased
Collection Bills Purchased is a form of financing to the seller. It's in the case of outward collection, the collecting bank purchase full or partial of its customer's draft drawn on the buyer and commercial documents so that the seller can obtain proceeds of the goods in advance. The seller assums the responsibility of repaying to the bank after collection.
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远期付款交单，凭信托收据借单
远期付款交单是卖方给予买方的资金融通，融通时间的长短取决于汇票的付款期限，通常有两种规定期限的方式：一种是付款日期和到货日期基本一致。买方在付款后，即可提货。另一种是付款日期比到货日期要推迟许多。买方必须请求代收行同意其凭信托收据（T/R）借取货运单据，以便先行提货。代收行若同意进口方借单，万一汇票到期不能收回货款，则代收行应承担偿还货款的责任。但有时出口方主动授权代收行凭信托收据将单据借给进口方。这种做法将由出口方自行承担汇票到期拒付的风险，与代收行无关，称之为”付款交单，凭信托收据借单（D/P, T/R）。
Documents against Payment Trust Receipt (D/P,T/R)
D/P is the accommodation of funds provided by the exporter to the importer and the length of time depends on the tenor of drafts. There are two ways to stipulate the tenor. Firstly, the payment date should be basically consisent with the goods arrival date so that the importer can pick up goods after payment. The other way is that the payment date will be much later than the date of arrival. The importer has to applied for a Trust Receipt (T/R) from the collecting bank in exchange for shipping documents in advance before he makes payment. By issuing T/R, the collecting bank willl bear the risk of non-payment on due date and assumes responsibility of repayment. But if it is at the exporter's request to authorize T/R to the importer, then all the risk should be born by the exporter. It is called Documents against Payment Trust Receipt.
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信托收据
进口方借单时提供的一种担保文件，表示愿意以银行受托人身份代为提货、报关、存仓、保险、出售，并承认货物所有权仍归银行。货物售出后所得货款应于汇票到期时交银行。代收行若同意进口方借单，万一汇票到期不能收回货款，则代收行应承担偿还货款的责任。这也是一种托收进口押汇的做法。
Trust Receipt (T/R)
T/R is a written undertaking by the buyer to the collecting bank that ownership in goods released by the bank is retained by the bank, and that the buyer has received the goods in trust only and will act as the trustee of the bank to arrange the discharge, customs clearance, transportaion and insurance of the goods. Proceeds from the sale of goods should be reimbursed to the bank at maturity of the draft. The collecting bank willl bear the risk of non-payment on due date and assumes responsibility of repayment.
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远期付款交单
即出口人按合同规定日期发货后，开具远期汇票连同商业单据，委托银行向进口方提示，进口人审单无误后即在汇票上承兑，于汇票到期日付清货款再领取商业单据。
Documents against Payment after Sight (D/P after Sight)
The buyers shall duely accept the documentary draft by the sellers and make payment on its maturity. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment.
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即期付款交单
即出口人按合同规定日期发货后，开具即期汇票连同商业单据，委托银行向进口方提示，进口人见票后立即付款。银行在其付清货款后交出商业单据。
Documents against Payment at Sight (D/P at Sight)
Upon first presentation, the buyers shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the sellers at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
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付款交单
是跟单 托收 方式下的一种交付单据的办法，指出口方的交单是以进口方的付款为条件，即进口方付款后才能向代收银行领取单据。
按付款时间分类：
1. 即期付款交单（Documents against Payment at Sight，简称D/P at Sight)
2. 远期付款交单（Documents against Payment after Sight，简称D/P after Sight)
Documents against Payment (D/P)
The collecting bank is allowed to release documents to the drawee only against full and immediate payment.
According to the different payment time, it can be divided into D/P at sight and D/P after sight.
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承兑交单
是指出口人的交单以进口人在汇票上承兑为条件。即出口人在装运货物后开具远期汇票，连同商业单据委托银行办理托收，并明确指示银行，进口人在汇票上承兑后即可领取商业单据，待汇票到期日再付清货款。
所谓“承兑”就是汇票付款人（进口人）在代收银行提示远期汇票时，对汇票的认可行为，付款人于汇票到期日都应凭票付款。
Documents against Acceptance (D/A)
The collecting bank is permitted to release the documents to the buyer against acceptance of a bill of exchange or signing of a time draft at the bank promising to pay at a later date. When the draft is matured, the collecting bank presents the draft to the drawee for payment.
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《托收统一规则》
Uniform Rules for Collections-URC
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光票托收
是指委托人仅向托收行提交金融单据（汇票、本票、支票等），不附有商业单据，委托其代为收款的一种托收结算方式。在国际贸易中，光票托收主要用于货款的尾数、样品费用、佣金、代垫费用以及其他贸易从属费用等小额款项。
Clean Collection
Clean collections are collections on financial documents (bill of exchange) without being accompanied by commercial documents. It is mainly applied to receive small payment such as balance payment, sample expense, commission, reimbursed expenses and other traderelated miscellaneous expenses, etc.
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托收指示
托收行根据委托人的托收申请书缮制托收指示。按照《托收统一惯例》的规定，所有单据必须附有一项托收指示，表明本托收适用URC522，并给出完整和明确的指示，主要包括交单条件、利息和费用的处理、需要时的代理、拒绝证书、收款指示等。银行只被允许根据托收指示及本规则行事。
Collection Instruction
Collection instruction is made out strictly based on the collection application form. According to URC522, all documents sent for collection must be accompanied by a collection instruction indicating that the collection is subject to URC522 and giving complete and precise instructions including terms of delivery of documents, interest and charge, case-of-need, protest and payment instruction, etc. Banks are only permitted to act upon the instructions given in such collection instruction, and in accordance with these Rules.
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需要时的代理人
当货款无法被支付或者承兑时，委托人可指定付款地的代理人代为料理货物存仓、转售卖、运回等事宜，这个代理人叫做“需要时的代理”。委托人如指定需要时的代理人，必须在托收委托书上写明此代理人的权限。
Representative in Case of Need
Representative in Case of Need or Case-of-Need is the representative nominated by the principal to act as case of need to take care of storage, resale or carrying the goods back etc. in the event of non-acceptance and/or non-payment. The collection instruction should clearly and fully indicate the powers of such case-of-need.
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提示行
是指向付款人作出提示的代收行。
Presenting Bank
Presenting Bank is the collecting bank making presentation to the drawee.
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代收行
是指除托收行之外的参与办理托收的任何银行。接受托收行的委托向付款人收取票款的银行，它通常是托收银行的国外分行或代理行。
Collecting Bank
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托收付款人
根据托收指示被提示单据的人。
Drawee / Payer
Drawee is the one to whom presentation is to be made in accordance with the collection instruction.
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托收行
即受委托方委托办理托收的银行，通常为出口人所在地的银行。
Remitting Bank
Remitting Bank is the bank to which the principal has entrusted the handling of a collection. It is usually the bank in the exporter's domicile.
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委托人
即委托银行办理托收的一方。
Principal / Consignor
即委托银行办理托收的一方。
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托收
托收（Collection） 是指债权人（出口人）出具债权凭证（汇票等）委托银行向债务人（进口人）收取货款的一种支付方式。
托收一般都通过银行办理，故又叫银行托收。银行托收的基本做法是：出口人根据买卖合同先行发运货物，然后开立汇票（或不开汇票）连同商业单据，向出口地银行提出托收申请，委托出口地银行（托收行）通过其在进口地的代理行或往来银行（代收行）向进口人收取货款。
根据银行的角度划分，托收可以分为进口托收和出口托收。
根据托收时是否向银行提交货运单据，分为跟单托收和光票托收。
Collection
Collection is mainly carried out through the bank and therefore also called Bank Collection. It is an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and the relevant bill of exchange is drawn by the seller on the buyer, and/or document(s) are sent to the seller's bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent banks located in the domicile of the buyer.
It can be classified into Inward Collection and Outward Collection from the point of the bank.
According to the condition whether the exporter presents the transport documents, collection can also be divided into Documentary Collection and Clean Collection.
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福费廷
原意为丧失、没收，也称包买票据或票据买断，就是在延期付款的大型设备贸易中，出口商把经进口商承兑的，或经第三方担保的，期限在半年至五六年的远期汇票，无追索权地售予进口商所在地的银行或大金融公司，提前取得现款的一种资金融通形式，它是出口信贷的一种类型。
Forfeiting
Forfeiting refers to a trade financing mode whereby the exporter’s bank demands discounts without recourse of the bills accepted or guaranteed by the importer’s bank, thereby enabling the importer to secure the payment for goods in advance.
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保理
全称保付代理，又称托收保付，卖方将其现在或将来的基于其与买方订立的货物销售/服务合同所产生的应收账款转让给保理商（提供保理服务的金融机构），由保理商向其提供资金融通、买方资信评估、销售账户管理、信用风险担保、账款催收等一系列服务的综合金融服务方式。
Factoring
International factorying is a complete financial package provided by a factor, by which the seller may assign accounts receivable generated from open account or documents against acceptance terms to the factor, who then assumes the responsibility for the importer's financial ability to pay. A factor will provide professional services such as credit protection, debt collection and sales ledger bookkeeping.
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保函
保函又称保证书，是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求，向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行其责任或义务时，由担保人代其履行一定金额、一定期限范围内的某种支付责任或经济赔偿责任。
Letter of Guarantee (L/G)
Letter of guarantee is a written undertaking made by the guarantor (the bank, insurance company, guarantee corporation or individual) at the request of the applicant to the beneficiary, guaranteeing to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money if the applicant fails to perform his obligation under the bilateral contract.
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国际结算
International Settlement
International Settlement
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发票
通常指的就是商业发票，根据用途的不同，还包括海关发票、领事发票、厂商发票和形式发票等。
Invoice
Invoice usually refers to the commercial invoice, and also consists of customs invoice, consular invoice, manufacturer invoice and proforma invoice, etc.according to different usage.
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商业发票
通常简称发票（Invoice），是卖方开立的载有商品名称、规格、价格、数量、金额、包装等内容的清单，作为买卖双方交接货物和结算货款的主要单证，也是进出口报关完税必不可少的单证之一。商业发票是全套出口单据的核心，其余单据均需参照商业发票缮制。
Commercial Invoice
Commercial Invoice, or invoice for short, is issued by the seller containing name of goods, specification, price, quantity, amount and package, etc. It is the main document for goods transition between buyers and sellers as well as payment settlement, which is also one of the necessary documents for customs formalities concerning declaration and duty payment. Commercial document is the core of full set of export documents by which all other documents should be made out as reference.
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形式发票
是一种非正式发票，是卖方在收到正式订单之前或装运货物之前对潜在买方报价的一种形式，列有货物的名称、规格、包装、价格等内容，供进口商参考并可依据形式发票向出口商发出正式订单或预付货款。在实行外汇或贸易管制的国家，买方常常需要形式发票，以作为申请进口许可证和批准外汇之用。
Proforma Invoice
Proforma Invoice is an informal invoice, which is a form quoting the potential buyer in advance, prior to the seller's receipt of a formal order or shipment. It indicates the name of goods, specification, package, price, etc. And it is provided as a reference, by which the importer can send exporter a formal order or advance payment for goods. In countries with the implementation of foreign exchange or trade control, the buyer often needs proforma invoice to apply for import license and approval of foreign exchange.
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海关发票
是出口商应进口国海关要求出具的一种特殊发票，供本国商人（进口商）随附商业发票和其他有关单据，凭以办理进口报关手续的发票。同时供进口国海关审查货物的价值和原产地。
Customs Invoice
It refers to the invoice filled by the exporter according to the provisions of certain countries'customs, for domestic businessmen (importer) to go through import formalities accompanied by commercial invoice and other relevant documents.
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商业单据
商业单据是指由出口方填写、签发的，说明与合同项下货物有关的，诸如货物名称、数量、规格、重量、体积、包装、价格等方面内容的单据。主要包括商业发票、运输单据、物权单据或其他类似单据，或除金融单据以外的其他单据。
Commercial Documents
Commercial Documents are filled and issued by the exporter, demonstrating the contents relevant to contracted goods, such as description of goods, quantity, specification, weight, dimension, package and price, etc. Commercial Documents means invoices, transport documents, documents of title or other similar documents, or any other documents whatsover, not being financial documents.
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班轮提单
是指由班轮公司承运货物后所签发给托运人的提单。
Liner B/L
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指示提单
在提单正面“收货人”一栏内填上“凭指示”（To order）或“凭某人指示”（Order of……）字样的提单。这种提单可经过背书转让，故其在国际贸易中广为使用。
Order B/L
An order B/L is a bill of lading that the consignee is listed in the box of "To order" or "To order of…" . It can be transferred by endorsement and therefore widely used in the international trade.
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不记名提单
是指提单收货人栏内没有指明任何收货人，只注明提单持有人（Bearer）字样，承运人应将货物交给提单持有人。谁持有提单，谁就可以提货。不记名提单无须背书即可转让，流通性极强，风险很大，故其在国际贸易中很少使用。
Bearer B/L, or Blank B/L
A bank B/L is a bill of lading that no one is listed in the box of consignee, but only indicates the wording of " Bearer", to whom the carrier should deliver goods. Anyone that holds the B/L is entitled to claim goods. Bank bill of lading is rarely used in the international trade due to its high risks of extremely easy transferring without endoresement.
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记名提单
是指提单上的收货人栏中已具体填写收货人名称的提单，只能由该特定收货人提货。由于这种提单不能通过背书方式转让给第三方，不能流通，故其在国际贸易中很少使用。
Straight B/L
A straight B/L is made out directly to the consignee, whose name is specifially filled in in the box of consignee. And only the named consignee has the right to claim goods. Therefore, a straight bill of lading cannot be transferred to the third parties.
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运费到付提单
以FOB条件成交的货物，不论是买方订舱还是买方委托卖方订舱，运费均为到付（Freight Payable at destination），并在提单上载明“运费到付”字样，这种提单称为运费到付提单。货物运到目的港后，只有付清运费，收货人才能提货。
Freight Collect B/L
Freight Collect B/L is a bill of lading contains notation of "Freight Collect" and issued against price terms of FOB. Under this B/L, freight is payable at destination no matter booking is made by importer or exporter. The consignee may obtain goods only after paying freight at port of destination.
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运费预付提单
成交CIF、CFR价格条件为运费预付，按规定货物托运时，必须预付运费。在运费预付情况下出具的提单称为运费预付提单。这种提单正面载明“运费预付”字样，运费付后才能取得提单；付费后，若货物灭失，运费不退。
Freight Prepaid B/L
Freight is regulated to be prepaid upon consignment of goods against price terms of CIF and CFR. The bill issued under this condition is called freight prepaid B/L, which contains notation of "Freight Prepaid" on the obverse side. The bill of lading will not be obtained until the freight is paid, and non-refundable in the event of goods loss.
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预借提单
预借提单是指货物尚未装船或尚未装船完毕的情况下，信用证规定的结汇期（即信用证的有效期）即将届满，托运人为了能及时结汇，而要求承运人或其代理人提前签发的已装船清洁提单，即托运人为了能及时结汇而从承运人那里借用的已装船清洁提单。
Advanced B/L
An advanced B/L is a clean on board B/L issued in advance by the carrier or its agent at the request of the shipper so as to negotiate payment with the bank in time within the validity of L/C, when the goods aren't actually shipped or completely shipped on board the vessel, while the expiry date of the L/C is due. In brief, it is the clean on board B/L that the shipper borrows from the carrier to settle payment prior to the maturity date of L/C.
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顺签提单
是指货物装船后，承运人或者船代应货主的要求，以晚于该票货物实际装船完毕的日期作为提单签发日期的提单。
Post-date B/L
An post-dated B/L is a bill of lading issued by the carrier or shipping agencies after shipment at the request of the shipper when the date stated in the L/C is later than that of actual shipment.
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倒签提单
是指承运人或其代理人应托运人的要求，在货物装船完毕后，以早于货物实际装船日期为签发日期的提单。
Anti-dated B/L
An anti-dated B/L is a bill of lading issued by the carrier after shipment at the request of the shipper so as to avoid non-acceptance by the bank when the actual shipment date is later than that prescribed in L/C.
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过期提单
是指提单签发后超过信用证规定期限才交到银行的提单，或者银行按正常邮程寄单，收货人不能在船到目的港之前收到的提单。
Stale B/L
Stale B/L is an overdue bill in the event of failure to be presented to the bank within the prescribed validity in L/C, or that the consignee cannot receive it before ETA of ship through the bank's regular mailing procedure.
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舱面提单
舱面货提单又称甲板货提单。这是指货物装于露天甲板上承运时，并于提单注明“装于舱面”（On Deck）字样的提单。
On Deck B/L
On deck B/L is a bill of lading contains notation of "On Deck" which means that the goods loaded on deck for carriage.
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简式提单
又称略式提单，是指提单背面没有关于承运人与托运人及收货人之间的权利义务等详细条款的提单，而只列出提单正面的必须记载事项。
Short Form B/L
A short form B/L only indicates the essential items on the obverse side, but the detailed clauses on the reverse side are omitted.
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全式提单
是指提单除正面印就的提单格式所记载的事项，背面列有关于承运人与托运人及收货人之间权利、义务等详细条款的提单。
Long Form B/L
A long form B/L indicates detailed clauses of the rights and liabilities of the carrier and the shipper on the reverse side, besides the pre-printed items on the obverse side.
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租船提单
是指船方根据租船合同而签发的提单。提单上一般注明“根据…租船合同开立”字样。
Charter Party B/L
Charter party B/L is issued by shipping company subject to a charter party. The B/L contains notion that "The bill of lading is subject to the charter".
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海运提单
海运提单是承运人收到货物后签发给托运人的货物收据，也是承运人所签署的运输契约的证明，作为将货物发往指定目的港并交予法定持有人的履约证明。此外，海运提单还是一项物权凭证，承运人只能用交出货物来换取交来的正版提单。
Ocean Bill of Lading (OB/L)
OB/L is a document issued and signed by a carrier to a shipper, furnishing written evidence regarding receipt of goods, the conditions on which transportation is made, and the engagement to deliver goods at the prescribed port of destination to the lawful holder of the bill of lading. In addition, the bill of lading is also a document of title. The carrier can only hand over goods in exchange for the original bill of lading.
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集装箱提单
集装箱提单是集装箱货物运输下主要的货运单据，是指负责集装箱运输的经营人或其代理人，在收到货物后签发给托运人的提单。
Container B/L
Container B/L is a B/L issued by the container transport operator or its agent to the shipper after receipt of goods. It is the main transport document under container transport.
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多式联运提单
指货物由海上、内河、铁路、公路、航空等两种或多种运输方式进行联合运输而签的适用于全程运输的提单。
MultimodaL Transport B/L
MultimodaL Transport B/L, Intermodal Transport B/L or Combined Transport B/L, is the B/L issued for the whole shipment from the port of loading to the port of destination by two or more modes of transportation consisting of ocean, river, railway, highway and airway, etc.
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联运提单
是指须经两种或两种以上运输方式（海陆、海河、海空、海海等）联运的货物，由第一承运人（第一程船运输的承运人）收取全程运费后，在起运地签发到目的港的全程运输提单。
Through B/L
A through B/L is a document of through transit, which is issued by the ocean carrier at the port of loading to the port of destination after the collection of through freight by the first carrier, which also means that the goods will be transported by two or more modes of transportation, such as ocean-land, ocean-river, ocean-air, or ocean-ocean, etc.
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转船提单
是指货物从起运港装货的轮船，不直接驶往目的港，而需在中途换装其他船舶转运至目的港所签发的提单。这种提单上应注明“转运”或在“某某港转船”字样。转船提单一般由第一程承运人签发。
Transshipment B/L
It is a B/L issued by the first carrier at the port of loading when the goods have to be transferred from one ship to another at a named transhipment port. Such B/L should contain notation of "Transhipment" or "Transhipment at certain port".
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直达提单
是指货物从装货港装船后，中途不经换船直接驶往目的港所签发的提单。直达提单上不得有“转船”或“在某港转船”的批注。
Direct B/L
It is the B/L made out for the goods to be transported directly from the port of loading to the port of destination without transhipment on the route. There should be no notation as "Transhipment" or "Transhipment at certain port" on the direct B/L.
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不清洁提单
在货物装船时，承运人若发现货物包装不牢、破残、渗漏、玷污、标志不清等现象时，明确在提单上加注货物及/或包装不良或存在缺陷等批注的提单。
Unclean B/L (Foul B/L)
Unclean Bill of Lading. It is a B/L which contains such notation that expressly declare a bad or defective condition of the goods as "Packing badly dented", "Breakage of the package", "Contents leaking", etc.
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清洁提单
在货物在装船时“外表状况良好”，承运人未在提单上加注任何有关货物及/或包装残损或有缺陷之类的提单。
Clean B/L
A clean bill of lading indicates that the goods are in apparent good order and condition when shipped on board. It bears no notation expressly delcaring a defective condition of the goods or their packaging.
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备运提单
又称收讫待运提单。它是承运人在收到托运人交来的货物但还没有装船时，应托运人的要求而签发的提单。签发这种提单时，说明承运人确认货物已交由承运人保管并存在其所控制的仓库或场地，但还未装船。
Received for Shipment B/L
It is the bill of lading issued by the carrier at the request of shipper at the time of receipt of the goods from the shipper but has not been loaded. When such bill of lading is issued, it indicates the carrier's confirmation that the goods have been placed in his custody and stored in the warehouse or site under his control, but has not been shipped yet.
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已装船提单
是指承运人已将货物装上指定船舶后所签发的提单。这种提单上必须以文字表明货物已装船，并记载船名和装船日期，同时还应由船长、船东、承运人或其代理人签字。
Shipped B/L
Shipped B/L, or On Board B/L, is issued by the carrier indicating that the goods have been shipped on board a named vessel. The bill of lading should contain on board notation indicating the ship name and date of shipment, as well as the signature of the master, the shipowner, the carrier or his agent.
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全套提单
银行接受仅有一份的正本提单，如签发一份以上正本提单时，应包括全套正本提单。买方与银行通常要求卖方提供船公司签发的全部正本提单，即所谓“全套”（Full Set)提单。
FULL SET OF B/L
The bank accepts sole original bill of lading or, if issued in more than one original, the full set of original bills of lading. Full set of originals B/L are often required to be submitted by exporter at the request of importer and bank.
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副本提单
是指提单上没有承运人、船长或其代理人签字盖章，而仅供工作上参考之用的提单。副本提单上一般都表明"copy"或"Nonnegotiable"（不作流通转让）字样，以示与正本提单有别。通常指的是提单(即正本提单)的复制件。
Copy B/L
Copy B/L usually refers to the copies of original B/L. It is a bill of lading without the signature and stamp of carrier, master or his agent and only serves as a reference. Generally, there is notation of "Copy" or "Nonnegotiable" on the copy B/L to differentiate from Original B/L.
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正本提单
是指提单上有承运人、船长或其代理人签字盖章并注明签发日期的提单。这种提单在法律上有效。正本提单必须注明“正本”（Original）字样。一般签发一式两份或三份，凭其中的任何一份提货后，其余的即作废。
Original B/L
Original Bill of Lading is a legally effective B/L signed and stamped by carrier, master or his agent, containing notation of issuing date and wording of "Original". It is generally issued in duplicate or triplicate, anyone of which has been accomplished, the others to be void.
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电放提单
“电放”则是由托运人（卖方）向船公司提出申请并提供保函后，由船公司申请并提供保函、电传通知目的港代理，某票货物无须凭正本提单放货，收货人可凭收货人公司盖章的“电放提单”传真件或凭身份证明提取货物。所谓电放提单，是指船公司或其代理人签发的注有“Surrendered”或“Telex Release”字样的提单。
Telex Release
Telex Release, or Surrendered B/L means that the shipping company forwards the applicant's request and Letter of Guarantee to its agent at port of destination by telex, informing the latter that certain goods can be released without original bill of lading, and delivered to the consignee against fax copy of "Telex Release B/L" with company stamp or by consignee's identification. Telex Release B/L is a bill of lading issued by shipping company or its agency which contains notation of "Surrendered” or “Telex Release".
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提单
是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。
Bill of Lading (B/L)
Bill of lading means a document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document. A provision in the document that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer, constitutes such an undertaking.
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海运单
是承运人签发的证明已收到特定货物（已接管或已装船），并保证将货物运至目的地交付给指定收货人的一种不可转让的单证，因此，它又称“不可转让海运单”（Non-negotiable Seaway Bill)。
Seaway Bill
Seaway Bill is a kind of non-negotiable B/L , or called Non-negotiable Seaway Bill. It is issued by the carrier as a receipt of goods, undertaking that the specific goods are have been received and taken over or shipped on board, and will be delivered to the named consignee at place of receipt.
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铁路运单
It is a transport document, which is issued by the airway carrier upon receipt of goods. It is a contract of carriage among shipper, consignee and railway. But it is not a document of titile to the goods. Therefore, railway bill is non-negotiable.
Railway Bill
It is a transport document, which is issued by the airway carrier upon receipt of goods. It is a contract of carriage among shipper, consignee and railway. But it is not a document of titile to the goods. Therefore, railway bill is non-negotiable.
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航空运单
由空运承运人或其代理人签发的货运单据。它是承运人收到货物的收据，也是托运人同承运人之间的运输契约，但不具有物权凭证的性质，因此空运单也是不可以转让的。
AWB
Air Waybill is a transport document issued by the airline or its agent upon receipt of goods. It is a contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper, and a receipt of shipped goods issued by the carrier or his agent to the shipper. The air waybill serves as receipt for goods and an evidence of the contract of carrage, but it is not a document of title to the goods. Therefore, AWB is non-negotiable.
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邮包收据
是快递公司和邮局签发给寄件人的寄件收据，也是双方邮寄合同的证明，但不是物权凭证。
Parcle Post Receipt
Parcle Post Receipt is postal receipt for the sender issued by the express company and post office and evidence of the postal contract between both parties. However, parcel post receipts are not documents of title to the goods and cannot be transferred.
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运输单据
是承运人收到承运货物签发给出口商的证明文件，指代表运输中的货物或证明货物已经付运的单据，是承运人与托运人（货主）之间的运输契约的证明。它是交接货物、处理索赔与理赔以及向银行结算货款或进行议付的重要单据。
运输单据包括具有物权凭证性质的单据，如海运提单、国际多式联运提单，及不具有物权凭证性质的单据，如航空运单、铁路运单、邮包收据等。
Transport Document
Transport Document is a certified document issued by the carrier to the exporter , furnishing written evidence regarding receipt of goods, the conditions on which transportation is made, which is also a transport contract proof between carrier and shipper. It is an important document for goods transition, obtaining reimbursement and making payment settlement or negotiation with bank.
Transport documents consist of documents with title，such as B/L, multimodal transport bill and other documents without title, such as air way bill, railway bill and parcel post receipt, etc.
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船公司证明
是进口商为了满足政府要求或了解运输情况而要求出口商提供的单据，由船公司或船方出具的有关载货船舶及运输情况的证明文件。
Shipping Company's Certificate
A Shipping Company's Certificate is a document provided by the exporter on request of the importer who aims to satisfy the requirements of the government or know the transportation conditions. It is a certificate concerning the carrying vessel and transportation conditions, which is issued by the shipping company or the ship.
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受益人证明
是一种由受益人自己出具的证明，以便证明自己履行了信用证规定的任务或证明自己按信用证的要求办事，如证明所交货物的品质、证明已装船、证明按要求寄单等。
Beneficiary's Certificate
A beneficiary's certificate is a certificate issued by the beneficiary(exporter), stating the fulfillment of certain obligations required in L/C. In pratice, a beneficiary's certificate is usually about the statement of commodities's quality, the statement of on board advice, sent samples documents.
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商检证书
全称商品检验检疫证书（INSPECTION CERTIFICATE）,是由政府或公证机构对进出口商品进行检验检疫或鉴定后，根据不同的检验结果或鉴定项目出具并签署的，证明货物在品质、数量、重量或卫生等方面符合特定标准的书面凭证。
Inspection Certificate
It is a written document issued and signed by the government or a notary organization according to the different inspection results/projects of import and export commodities, attesting that the goods conform to the specified standards in terms of quality, quantiy, weight and sanitary.
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原产地证书
产地证明书是一种证明货物原产地或生产地的证书，在办理货物进口时通常由进口国要求出具，以便于进口国海关核实进口来源。原产地证明书可分为普通原产地证和普惠制产地证书（GSP FORM A ）。
Certificate of Origin (C/O)
A certificate of origin is a document indicating the country of origin or the place of manufacture of the goods, which is typically required by the importer's country as a requirement for import processing and is convenient for the customs of import country to verify the import source. It falls into General C/O and GSP FORM A.
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普惠制产地证书
是根据发达国家给予发展中国家的一种关税优惠制度--普遍优惠制（即普遍的、非歧视的、非互惠的），签发的一种优惠性原产地证。采用的是格式A，在对外贸易中，可简称为FORM A或GSP FORM A。
GSP FORM A
GSP means "Generalized System of Preferences", is a universal, non-discriminative and non-mutual duty preference system offered by the developed countries against imports of some goods from the developing countries. GSP FORM A is a preferential certificate of origin subject the system hereinabove, which adopts Form A and can be called FORM A or GSP FORM A for short in international trade.
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其他单证
Other Documents
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保险单
简称保单，是保险人与被保险人订立保险合同的正式书面证明。保险单必须完整地记载保险合同双方当事人的权利义务及责任。保险单记载的内容是合同双方履行的依据。
Insurance Policy
Insurance Policy is the formal written document of insurance contract concluded between the insurer and insured. The policy must be fully documented with the rights and obligations for both parties, as per which both parties fulfil the contract.
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保险凭证
是保险人签发给投保人的，表明其已接受其投保的证明文件，是一种简化的保险单。
Insurance Certificate
An insurance certificate is a document issued to the insured party certifying that insurance has been effected. It contains the same details as an insurance policy except that the version of the provisions of the policy is abbreviated.
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保险单据
Insurance Documents
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金融单据
金融单据又指资金单据，是指汇票、本票、支票、付款收据或其他类似用于取得付款的凭证。
Financial Documents
Financial Documents means bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment of money.
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外贸单证
外贸单证是指在国际结算中的单据、文件与证书，凭借这种文件来处理国际货物的支付、运输、保险、商检、结汇等，简称“单证（Documents）。
根据单证的作用不同，大致可以分为以下5类：
1. 资金单据：汇票、本票和支票
2. 商业单据：商业发票、海关发票
3. 货运单据：海运提单、租船提单、多式运输单据、空运单等
4. 保险单据：保险单（Insurance Policy）和保险凭证（Insruance Certificate）
5. 其他单证：商检单证、原产地证书、其他单据（寄单证明、寄样证明、受益人证明、装运通知、船龄证明等）
Documents
It refers to the documents, papers and certificates used in the international settlement to deal with the payment, transportation, insurance, inspection and settlement, etc.of international goods.
There are five types of documents according to different functions.
1. Financial Documents. Including bills of exchange, promissory note and cheque.
2. Commercial Documents. Including commercial invoice and customs invoice.
3. Transport Documents. Including OB/L, Charter Party B/L, MultimodaL Transport B/L, Air Waybill, etc..
4. Insurance Documents. Including Insurance Policy and Insurance Certificate.
5. Other Documents. Including Certificate of Inspection, Certificate of Origin, and other bills such as Certificate for Despatch of Documents, Certificate of Sample, Beneficiary's Certificate, Shipping Order, Certificate of Age of Vessel etc.
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出口税
出口国海关根据关税税则对所征收的关税。
Export Duty/Export Tax
Export Duty is a tax levied on the exported products by Export Customs in accordance with customs tariff.
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出口退税
是指对出口货物退还其在国内生产和流通环节实际缴纳的增值税、消费税。
Export Rebate
It refers to the refund of VAT and consumption tax that are actually levied on the export goods in domestic production and circulation.
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报关单
进出口货物报关单是指进出口货物收发货人或其代理人，按照海关规定的格式对进出口货物的实际情况做出书面申明，以此要求海关对其货物按适用的海关制度办理通关手续的法律文书。
Custom Declaration Form
The customs declaration of import and export refers to a written declaration of the actual situation of the import and export goods in accordance with the format stipulated by the customs made by the Shipper & Consignee as Declarant or his agent, so as to require the customs to carry out the customs formalities for the customs clearance according to the applicable customs system.
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进出口许可证
进出口货物许可证是国家管理货物出境的法律凭证。进出口许可证，包括法律、行政法规规定的各种具有许可进口或出口性质的证明、文件。
Import and Export License
The import and export licence is the national legal document for the administration of import and export commodities. It is constitued by various supporting documents that are permitted to import or export in accordance with laws and administrative regulations.
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港杂费
港杂费是在港口发生的人民币费用，包括报关、换单、THC,港口费，提重、回空、掏箱等等费用。
Port Surcharge
Port Surcharge are all the expenses charged in CNY for the activities carried out at port, including customs clearance charge, changing bills charge, Terminal Handling Charge, port charges, weight lifting charge, the return of the empty container charge, devanning charge and other expenses.
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反倾销税
就是对倾销商品所征收的进口附加税。
Anti-dumping Duty
It is an additional import tax imposed on dumped goods.
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退税
是指国家按规定对纳税人已纳税款的退还，即国家为鼓励纳税人从事或扩大某种经济活动而给予的税款退还。
Tax Refund /Tax Rebate
Tax Refund means that the state refunds tax payment to the taxpayers by provisions in order to encourage taxpayers to engage in or expand some economic activities.
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免税
免税是指按照税法规定不征收销项税额，同时进项税额不可抵扣应该转出。是对某些纳税人或征税对象给予鼓励、扶持或照顾的特殊规定，是世界各国及各个税种普遍采用的一种税收优惠方式。
Duty Free
Duty Free means that VAT is exempted, meanwhile the input tax should not be deducted but transfered out in accordance with the provisions of the tax law. It is a special regulation to encourage, support or take care of certain taxpayers or tax object as well as a kind of tax preferential policies adopted by many various types of taxes throughout the world.
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增值税
增值税是对销售货物或者提供加工、修理修配劳务以及进口货物的单位和个人就其实现的增值额征收的一个税种。
Value Added Ta (VAT)
VAT is a tax levied on the appreciation value achieved by the units and individuals upon sales of goods, provision of processing and repair services as well as importing and exporting goods.
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报关
报关是指进出口货物收发货人、进出境运输工具负责人、进出境物品所有人或者他们的代理人向海关办理货物、物品或运输工具进出境手续及相关海关事务的过程，包括向海关申报、交验单据证件，并接受海关的监管和检查等。
Customs Declaration
It refers to the procedure that the Shipper & Consignee as Declarant, Principals of Inbound and Outbound means of transport, the Owner of Inward and Outward Articles or their entrusted person carrys out all customs formalities for the import and export of goods, articles or tranport means along with other related customs duties, concerning declaration, presentation of documents and acceptance of supervision and examination by Customs, etc.
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进口税
进口税亦称进口关税。指进口国海关对从外国进入本国的货物和物品征收的一种关税。是关税中最主要的一种。
Import Duty / Import Tax
Import Duty is a tax levied on an imported product by the Import Customs, which is by far the most widespread and most important tax.
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关税
是进出口货物通过一国关境时，由政府所设置的海关向其进出口商所征收的一种税收。
Customs Duties/ Tariff
Customs Duties refers to a tax levied on the importers and exporters when their products cross the customs boundary of one country by the government customs.
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报关行
是指经海关准予注册登记，接受进出口货物收发货人的委托，以进出口货物收发货人名义或者以自己的名义，向海关办理代理报关业务，从事报关服务的境内企业法人的企业。
Customs Broker
Customs Broker refers to the domestic enterprise registered by custom's approval and engaged in customs declaration services. It is entrusted by Shipper and Consignee of import and export goods, on behlaf of whom or broker himself to implement customs declaration.
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截关时间
也叫截放行条时间，是指截止报关放行的时间，货物必须要在此时间之前做好报关放行的工作，递交海关放行条（场站收据又称下货纸）给船公司。一般是船开日前1-2天（散货是提前5-7天）。
Closing Date /Cut Off Time
Closing date refers to the deadline when transporting vehicle carrying the import&export goods completes the customs clearance formalities and customs release being submitted to the shipping company. Closing date is usually 1-2 days before the shipping date (5-7 days in advance for bulk goods).
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清关
即通关，结关。是指进出口或转运货物出入一国关境时，依照各项法律法规和规定应当履行的手续。只有在办理海关申报、查验、征税、放行等手续后，货物才能放行。
Customs Clearance
Customs Clearance refers to the procedures to be performed in accordance with laws and regulations when imported and exported goods or transhipment goods cross the customs boundary of one country. Goods can only be released after completing the formalities of customs declaration, inspection, tax levy and release.
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出口报关
是指发货人（或其代理）向海关申报出口货物的详细情况，海关据以审查，合格后放行，准予出口。
Export Declaration
It means the shipper (or its agent) to declare the details of the export goods to the customs. The customs shall examine the goods and release them upon qualification.
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进口报关
进口报关是指收货人或其代理向海关申报进口手续和缴纳进口税的法律行为。
Import Declaration
Import declaration refers to the legal action of the consignee or its agent to declare import formalities and pay import duties to the customs.
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海关术语
Customs
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贸易类
Trading
Trading
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转运
在海运情况下，是指在装货港和卸货港之间的海运过程中，货物从一艘船卸下再装上另一艘船的运输。
Transshipment
In the case of ocean transport, transshipment means loading from one vessel and reloading to another vessel during the carriage from the port of loading to the port of discharge.
Transshipment
In the case of ocean transport, transshipment means loading from one vessel and reloading to another vessel during the carriage from the port of loading to the port of discharge.
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装运时间
又称装运期，是指卖方将合同规定的货物装上运输工具或交给承运人的期限。
Time of Shipment
Time of Shipment, or shipping date, means the expiry date for the seller to load the contracted goods on board or deliver to the carrier.
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舱单
又称“载货清单”，是船方或其代理人在货物装船完毕后，根据大副收据或提单编制的一份按卸货港顺序逐票列明全船实际载运货物的汇总清单。在对外贸易中它是向海关报关时必须交验的单据之一
Manifest
Manifest is a summary listing the actual carrying goods of the whole ship one by one in the sequence of port of discharge, which is complied in accordance with Mate's Receipt or Bill of Lading by the shipping company or its agent after completion of loading. In the international trade, manifest is one of the documents must be submitted upon customs declaration.
Manifest
Manifest is a summary listing the actual carrying goods of the whole ship one by one in the sequence of port of discharge, which is complied in accordance with Mate's Receipt or Bill of Lading by the shipping company or its agent after completion of loading. In the international trade, manifest is one of the documents must be submitted upon customs declaration.
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提货单
又称“小提单”，是进口商（收货人）在货物到达目的地后，凭海运提单等运输单据向承运人的代理人换取的提货凭证，用于办理进口报关、提货等手续。
Delivery Order (D/O)
D/O is the delivery document for which the importer (consignee)exchanges from the agent of carrier by the transport documents such as ocean bill of lading upon arrival of the goods at the destination. It is used to go through import declaration formalities and take delivery of goods.
Delivery Order (D/O)
D/O is the delivery document for which the importer (consignee)exchanges from the agent of carrier by the transport documents such as ocean bill of lading upon arrival of the goods at the destination. It is used to go through import declaration formalities and take delivery of goods.
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到货通知
是在卸货港的船舶代理人在集装箱堆场，或移至集装箱货运站，并办好交接准备后，向收货人发出的要求收货人及时提取货物的书面通知。
Arrival Notice
Arrival Notice / Notice of Arrival / Advice of Arrival. It is the written notice sent by the shipping agent after handling the formalities of transition at the container yard or container freight station of discharge port,informing the consignee to pick up goods timely.
Arrival Notice
Arrival Notice / Notice of Arrival / Advice of Arrival. It is the written notice sent by the shipping agent after handling the formalities of transition at the container yard or container freight station of discharge port,informing the consignee to pick up goods timely.
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货运承运人领货单
FCR的签发人为货运代理人，该单据仅是货运代理人收到货物后出具的收据而不是运输单证，仅表明货运代理人将根据约定将货物发送到目的地，不代表物权，不能转让。
Forwarder's Cargo Receipt (FCR)
FCR is issued by the freight forwarder and only serves as the evidence of receipt of goods rather than transport documents. It only indicates that the freight forwarder will deliver goods to the port of destination according to the agreement, but does not represent the title of goods and can not be transferred.
Forwarder's Cargo Receipt (FCR)
FCR is issued by the freight forwarder and only serves as the evidence of receipt of goods rather than transport documents. It only indicates that the freight forwarder will deliver goods to the port of destination according to the agreement, but does not represent the title of goods and can not be transferred.
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装船通知
也叫“装运通知”，是指货物离开起运地后，由出口商发送给进口商通知后者一定数量的货物已经起运的通知文件。
Advice of Shipment/ Shipping Advice
A shipping advice is a notifying document sent by the exporter, informing the importer that a certain amount of goods have been shipped after the departure of goods.
Advice of Shipment/ Shipping Advice
A shipping advice is a notifying document sent by the exporter, informing the importer that a certain amount of goods have been shipped after the departure of goods.
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大副收据
又称收货单，指某一票货物装上船后，由船上大副（Chief Officer/Mate）签署给托运人的，作为证明船方已收到货物并装上船的凭证。托运人取得了经大副签署的收货单后，可以凭此向船公司或其代理人换取已装船通知。
Mate’s Receipt
Mate’s Receipt is a document issued by the Chief Mate of the shipping company to the consignor as a evidence that the goods have been taken over and loaded on board. By obtaining the receipt, the consignor can exchange for Shipping Advice from the shipping company or its agent.
Mate’s Receipt
Mate’s Receipt is a document issued by the Chief Mate of the shipping company to the consignor as a evidence that the goods have been taken over and loaded on board. By obtaining the receipt, the consignor can exchange for Shipping Advice from the shipping company or its agent.
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装货单
俗称“下货纸”，是指接受了托运人提出装运申请的船公司，签发给托运人的用以命令船长将承运的货物装船的单据。它既能用作装船的依据，又是货主用以向海关办理出口货物申报手续的主要单据之一，实际业务中，又叫关单。对于托运人来讲，它是办妥货物托运的证明。对船公司或其代理来讲是通知船方接受装运该批货物的指示文件，又称“装货指示书”。
Shipping Order (S/O)
Or Shipping Instruction(S/I). Shipping Order refers to the document issued by the shipping company at the request of the shipper, ordering the master to load contracted goods of carriage on board. It can be both the proof of shipment, and the main document that consignor uses for customs declaration. For the shiper, it is a evidence of completion of consignment and for the shipping company, it is a instruction to advice the shipping party to carry out the loading.
Shipping Order (S/O)
Or Shipping Instruction(S/I). Shipping Order refers to the document issued by the shipping company at the request of the shipper, ordering the master to load contracted goods of carriage on board. It can be both the proof of shipment, and the main document that consignor uses for customs declaration. For the shiper, it is a evidence of completion of consignment and for the shipping company, it is a instruction to advice the shipping party to carry out the loading.
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装箱单
是商业发票的补充票据。一般由托运人缮制，载明信用证（或合同）中买卖双方约定的有关包装事宜的细节，包括包装件数、规格等，但不包括任何单价或总价的价格信息。便于国外买方在货物到达目的港时供海关检查和核对货物。
Packing List
Packing List is a document prepared by the shipper listing the packing details of goods such as quantity and specification, etc. in accordance with provisions of L/C (or contract). In a sense, it is a more detailed version of the commericial invoice but without price information, those items related to the unit price and amount should not be included in the list. Packing list provides convenience for importer to go through customs inspection and checking on goods upon arrival at port of destination.
Packing List
Packing List is a document prepared by the shipper listing the packing details of goods such as quantity and specification, etc. in accordance with provisions of L/C (or contract). In a sense, it is a more detailed version of the commericial invoice but without price information, those items related to the unit price and amount should not be included in the list. Packing list provides convenience for importer to go through customs inspection and checking on goods upon arrival at port of destination.
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运费到付
货物运达目的地后由收货人给付运费。
Freight Collect
Freight paid by the consignee when goods arrive at the place of receipt.
Freight Collect
Freight paid by the consignee when goods arrive at the place of receipt.
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运费预付
是指在签发提单前或签发提单后即须预先支付的运费，即整个运输工作尚未进行完毕而先行收取的运费。
Freight Prepaid (F/P)
It means the freight prepaid before or after the issuance of bill of lading, which is the expense pre-charged prior to the completion of whole transportation process.
Freight Prepaid (F/P)
It means the freight prepaid before or after the issuance of bill of lading, which is the expense pre-charged prior to the completion of whole transportation process.
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航次
航次是船舶从事客货运输的一个完整过程，是一种生产过程，包括装载、航行、卸载等各环节，也称为船舶运输的生产周期。
Voyage (VOY)
Voyage is a complete process of carrying passengers or goods by vessels. It is a production process which is also called the production cycle of ship transportation, consists of several links such as loading, sailing and unloading, etc.
Voyage (VOY)
Voyage is a complete process of carrying passengers or goods by vessels. It is a production process which is also called the production cycle of ship transportation, consists of several links such as loading, sailing and unloading, etc.
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分批发运
是指一个合同下的货物分若干批发运。
Partial Shipment
It means a certain number of shipments of goods under a contract.
Partial Shipment
It means a certain number of shipments of goods under a contract.
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交货地
在多式联运方式下填写，表明承运人交付货物的地点。
Place of Delivery
The term is used under the multimodal transport which demonstrates the place where the carrier deliver goods.
Place of Delivery
The term is used under the multimodal transport which demonstrates the place where the carrier deliver goods.
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收货地
在多式联运方式下填写，表明承运人接收到货物的地点。
Place of Receipt
The term is used under the multimodal transport which demonstrates the place where the carrier receive goods.
Place of Receipt
The term is used under the multimodal transport which demonstrates the place where the carrier receive goods.
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转运港
是指货物从启航港前往目的港，途经行程中的第三港口，运输工具进行停靠、装卸货物、补给等操作，货物进行换装运输工具继续运往目的地的港口，转运港又称中转港。
Port of Transshipment (POT)
It refers to the third port in the course of the voyage between the loading port and the unloading port, via which the vessel lands to unload goods, furnish supplies and tranship, then carries on to the port of destination.
Port of Transshipment (POT)
It refers to the third port in the course of the voyage between the loading port and the unloading port, via which the vessel lands to unload goods, furnish supplies and tranship, then carries on to the port of destination.
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卸货港
也叫目的港。是指最终卸货的港口。
Port of Discharge (POD)
Port of Discharge /Port of Unloading / Port of Destination. It is the port where the goods are discharged eventually.
Port of Discharge (POD)
Port of Discharge /Port of Unloading / Port of Destination. It is the port where the goods are discharged eventually.
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装运港
也叫起运港，装货港。是指货物起始装运的港口。
Port of Loading（POL)
Port of Loading / Port of Shipment/ Port of Departure /Port of Despatch. It is the port where the goods are loaded on board and start shipping.
Port of Loading（POL)
Port of Loading / Port of Shipment/ Port of Departure /Port of Despatch. It is the port where the goods are loaded on board and start shipping.
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预计离港时间(ETD)
ETD是预计离开港口或起点的时间;它适用于所有的交通方式。
Estimated Time of Departure (ETD)
ETD is the estimated or expected time of departure from the port or point of origin; it applies to all modes of transportation.
Estimated Time of Departure (ETD)
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预计开航时间
ETS是预计从原产地港口启航的时间;它适用于海运。
Estimated Time of Sailing (ETS）
ETS is the estimated or expected time of sailing from the port of origin; it applies to ocean freight.
Estimated Time of Sailing (ETS）
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预计抵达时间
ETA是预计抵港或目的地的时间;它适用于所有的运输方式。
Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)
ETA is the estimated or extected time of arrival at the port or point of destination; it applies to all modes of transportaion.
Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)
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航程
从起运港到目的港的航程时间。
Transit Time (T/T)
It refers to the period of time transporting from the port of departure to the port of destination.
Transit Time (T/T)
It refers to the period of time transporting from the port of departure to the port of destination.
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海洋运输
海洋运输又称“国际海洋货物运输”，它是指使用船舶通过海上航道在不同国家和地区的港口之间运送货物的一种方式，是国际物流中最主要的运输方式。按照船舶经营方式的不同，海洋运输可分为班轮运输（Liner Transport）和租船运输（Shipping by Chartering)。
Ocean Transport
Ocean transport, or International Ocean transport, which refers to a means to transport goods among ports of different countries and areas via sea ways. It is the most significant and widely used mode of transportation in the international logistics. According to the different ways of Ship Operation, the ocean transportation can be classified into Liner Transport andShipping by Chartering.
Ocean Transport
Ocean transport, or International Ocean transport, which refers to a means to transport goods among ports of different countries and areas via sea ways. It is the most significant and widely used mode of transportation in the international logistics. According to the different ways of Ship Operation, the ocean transportation can be classified into Liner Transport andShipping by Chartering.
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班轮运输
又称定期船运输，是指轮船公司将船舶按事先制定的船期表（Sailing Schedule），在特定海上航线的若干个固定挂靠的港口之间，定期为非特定的众多货主提供货物运输服务，并按事先公布的费率或协议费率收取运费的一种船舶经营方式。
Liner Transport
Liner transport, or regular transport, is a mode of ship operation to provide transport service regularlly on a pre-established sailing schedule with determined ports of call and charge fees on the basis of preannounced rates or tariff agreement.
Liner Transport
Liner transport, or regular transport, is a mode of ship operation to provide transport service regularlly on a pre-established sailing schedule with determined ports of call and charge fees on the basis of preannounced rates or tariff agreement.
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租船运输
又称不定期船运输，是指租船人向船东租赁船舶用于货物运输的一种方式。
Shipping by Chartering
Shipping by Chartering, or tramp ship, is a mode that a person charters from the shipowner for goods transportation. It is operated wherever the market dictates.
Shipping by Chartering
Shipping by Chartering, or tramp ship, is a mode that a person charters from the shipowner for goods transportation. It is operated wherever the market dictates.
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叉车
叉车是工业上用于短距离装卸搬运的车辆。
Forklift
A forklift is a industrial truck used to lift and move materials over short distances.
Forklift
A forklift is a industrial truck used to lift and move materials over short distances.
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燃油叉车
柴油为能源，缺点：尾气排放以及噪音。优点：可长时间连续作业,补充燃料方便。
Fuel Cell Forklift
Fuel cell forklift is powered by diesel. The disadvantage is emission of harmful fumes and noise. The advantage is capable for continuous work with convenient fuel supply.
Fuel Cell Forklift
Fuel cell forklift is powered by diesel. The disadvantage is emission of harmful fumes and noise. The advantage is capable for continuous work with convenient fuel supply.
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电瓶叉车
蓄电池为能源。优点：低噪音，节能环保。
Battery Electric Forklift
Battery Electric Forklift is powered by battery. The advantage are less noise , energy saving and environmental conservation.
Battery Electric Forklift
Battery Electric Forklift is powered by battery. The advantage are less noise , energy saving and environmental conservation.
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货车
能很灵活根据货物大小安排车辆，能随时提货并在要求时间内到达。长短途都适用。
Van
Vans can be arranged flexibly according to the size of cargo, pick up goods whenever needed and arrive at the required time. It is applied to whatever short or long distances.
Van
Vans can be arranged flexibly according to the size of cargo, pick up goods whenever needed and arrive at the required time. It is applied to whatever short or long distances.
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飞机
航程短但费用高且航空公司有限高。主要用于急货，样品发运。
Airplane
The airplane is short in voyage but high in cost. Furthermore, there is height limitation. It is mostly applied to the cargo in urgent need or sample delivery.
Airplane
The airplane is short in voyage but high in cost. Furthermore, there is height limitation. It is mostly applied to the cargo in urgent need or sample delivery.
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船舶
船舶是能航行或停泊于水域进行运输或作业的交通工具。
Vessel (VSL)
A vessel is a vehicle capable of navigating or berthing in waters for transport or operations.
Vessel (VSL)
A vessel is a vehicle capable of navigating or berthing in waters for transport or operations.
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运输工具
Means of Transport
Means of Transport
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集装箱
也叫货柜，是指具有一定强度、刚度和规格，专供周转使用的大型装货容器。最常用的是干货集装箱（Dry Container），主要规格是20英尺和40英尺。
Container
It refers to a large loading container with a certain strength，stiffness and specification, specialied for transportation. Among all, dry container is the most widespread use with main specification of 20 ft and 40 ft.
Container
It refers to a large loading container with a certain strength，stiffness and specification, specialied for transportation. Among all, dry container is the most widespread use with main specification of 20 ft and 40 ft.
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冷冻集装箱
主要用于运输PVB膜片（要求5-10℃）。
Reefer Container
Mostly applied in transporting PVB film, which requires to be storage under 5°-10°.
Reefer Container
Mostly applied in transporting PVB film, which requires to be storage under 5°-10°.
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开顶集装箱
开顶集装箱是一种可以开顶，用篷布覆盖的集装箱。适用于货物大，无法在侧边装货，需要从上方吊装的重物。
Open top container
An open top container is a container open at the top and covered with a tarp.applied to the cargo which is very heavy and difficult to load sideways so needs it to be loaded from above by a specific crane instead.
Open top container
An open top container is a container open at the top and covered with a tarp.applied to the cargo which is very heavy and difficult to load sideways so needs it to be loaded from above by a specific crane instead.
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普通柜
GP 是General Purpose的缩写，意为“通用目的""普通用途”。用到集装箱方面，就是普通柜、普通箱的意思。20GP、40GP和40HQ是最常见的通用干货集装箱，也可以写作20'GP、40'GP和40'HQ。'意为英尺。如20GP就是20英尺长的标准集装箱，也叫20尺柜。
GP Container
General Purpose Container. GP is abbreviation for General Purpose which means general containers when applied in the terms of container. 20GP、40GP and 40HQ , also written as 20'GP、40'GP and 40'HQ, are the most often used dray containers. e.g. 20GP is a standard container with length of 20 feet.
GP Container
General Purpose Container. GP is abbreviation for General Purpose which means general containers when applied in the terms of container. 20GP、40GP and 40HQ , also written as 20'GP、40'GP and 40'HQ, are the most often used dray containers. e.g. 20GP is a standard container with length of 20 feet.
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20尺小柜
外尺寸为 6.1M×2.44M×2.59M ，内容积为 5.69M×2.13M×2.18M，配货毛重一般不允许超过17.5吨，能容纳货物体积约为24－26立方米。
20'GP
Container External Dimensions:6.1M×2.44M×2.59M. Internal dimensions:5.69M×2.13M×2.18M. Gross weight less than 17.5MT. Volume about24-26m³.
20'GP
Container External Dimensions:6.1M×2.44M×2.59M. Internal dimensions:5.69M×2.13M×2.18M. Gross weight less than 17.5MT. Volume about24-26m³.
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40尺平柜
外尺寸为 12.2M×2.44M×2.59M (40ft×8ft×8ft6in);内容积为11.8M×2.13M×2.18M。总毛重一般不允许超过22吨，能容纳货物体积约为54立方米
40'GP
Container External Dimensions: 12.2M×2.44M×2.59M. Internal dimensions:11.8M×2.13M×2.18M. Gross weight less than 22.0MT. Volume about54m³
40'GP
Container External Dimensions: 12.2M×2.44M×2.59M. Internal dimensions:11.8M×2.13M×2.18M. Gross weight less than 22.0MT. Volume about54m³
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40尺高柜
HQ是High Cubic的缩写，意为“高的立方”。40HQ也可以写成40HC，即40'high Container，意为40英尺高柜。
外尺寸为 12.2M×2.44M×2.9M (40ft×8ft×9ft6in); 内容积为 11.8M×2.13M×2.72M。总毛重同样不允许超过22吨，能容纳货物体积约为68立方米。
40'HQ
High Cubic or High Container(HC). With high cube containers, you gain an extra foot in height compared with general purpose containers. Ideal for light, vaoluminous cargo. These extra volume containers come in 40 ft and 45 ft sizes in steel and aluminium.
Container External Dimensions: 12.2M×2.44M×2.9M. Internal dimensions: 11.8M×2.13M×2.72M. Gross weight less than 22.0MT. Volume about 68m³.
40'HQ
High Cubic or High Container(HC). With high cube containers, you gain an extra foot in height compared with general purpose containers. Ideal for light, vaoluminous cargo. These extra volume containers come in 40 ft and 45 ft sizes in steel and aluminium.
Container External Dimensions: 12.2M×2.44M×2.9M. Internal dimensions: 11.8M×2.13M×2.72M. Gross weight less than 22.0MT. Volume about 68m³.
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散货集装箱
是指主要用于装运无包装的固体颗粒状和粉状货物的集装箱。
Bulk Container
It refers to containers that are mainly used to ship unpacked solid particles and powdery goods.
Bulk Container
It refers to containers that are mainly used to ship unpacked solid particles and powdery goods.
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整柜
也叫整箱货，由发货人在工厂或仓库装箱、计数、填写装运单，并由海关加铅封的货运。
Full Container Load(FCL)
FCL means that the shipper loads goods in the factory or warehouse, counts, fills out the packing list and gets seal from the customs.
Full Container Load(FCL)
FCL means that the shipper loads goods in the factory or warehouse, counts, fills out the packing list and gets seal from the customs.
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散货
也叫拼箱货或拼柜，是指货量不足一整箱的小票货物，需由承运人在集装箱货运站（Container Freight Station, CFS）负责将不同发货人的少量货物拼在一个集装箱内，货到目的地（港）后，由承运人拆箱分拨给各收货人。
Less than Container Load(LCL)
LCL refers to the small amount of goods less than one container. The carrier delivers it to the container freight station, reloads with other small amount of cargo from different shippers and then unstuffs and distributes to the different consignees after arrival at the place of receipt(port of destination).
Less than Container Load(LCL)
LCL refers to the small amount of goods less than one container. The carrier delivers it to the container freight station, reloads with other small amount of cargo from different shippers and then unstuffs and distributes to the different consignees after arrival at the place of receipt(port of destination).
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倒箱
在集装箱码头作业中，集装箱通常堆码一定的层数，如果当前所要取的集装箱被其他的集装箱压住，此时必须移开其上的障碍箱，待取走所需箱后，再把移开的箱移回原位。这种将障碍箱移开、然后再移回的操作就称为倒箱。
Restow
In container terminal, the containers are usually stacked in numbers of layers and the one(s) needed may be laid by other containers. Restow is the operation to move away the obstacle containers thereon, take out the needed one(s) and then move the obstacles back.
Restow
In container terminal, the containers are usually stacked in numbers of layers and the one(s) needed may be laid by other containers. Restow is the operation to move away the obstacle containers thereon, take out the needed one(s) and then move the obstacles back.
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拆箱
是指将装在同一个集装箱内多个收货人的物品取出，并交给收货人的作业过程。
Devanning / Unpacking
It refers to an operation to take out the goods in the same container and distribute to the different consignees.
Devanning / Unpacking
It refers to an operation to take out the goods in the same container and distribute to the different consignees
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集装箱运输
是以集装箱作为运输单位进行货物运输的一种现代化运输方式，它可适用于海洋运输、铁路运输及国际多式联运等。
Container Transport
It is a modern means of transportation with containers as transport unit, which can be widely used in various transportations including ocean transportation, rail transportation and international multimodal transportation.
Container Transport
It is a modern means of transportation with containers as transport unit, which can be widely used in various transportations including ocean transportation, rail transportation and international multimodal transportation.
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多式联运
由两种及其以上的交通工具相互衔接、转运而共同完成的运输过程统称为复合运输，我国习惯上称之为多式联运,其中必须有种方式是海运。
Intermodality
The transportation process which is collectively known as combined transport and commonly referred to as multi-modal transport in China, is constitued by two or more transport vehicles connecting and transferring to each otherm. And one of the modes should be ocean transport.
Intermodality
The transportation process which is collectively known as combined transport and commonly referred to as multi-modal transport in China, is constitued by two or more transport vehicles connecting and transferring to each otherm. And one of the modes should be ocean transport.
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国际多式联运
按照国际多式联运合同，以至少两种不同的运输方式，由多式联运经营人把货物从一国境内接管地点运至另一国境内指定交付地点的货物运输。
International Multimodal Transport
It's also called International Combined Transport or International Intermodal Transport. According to the international multimodal transport contarct, the ship operator under this transport mode delivers goods from a cerain place of one country to the designated place of receipt in another country by at least two or more transport means.
International Multimodal Transport
It's also called International Combined Transport or International Intermodal Transport. According to the international multimodal transport contarct, the ship operator under this transport mode delivers goods from a cerain place of one country to the designated place of receipt in another country by at least two or more transport means.
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国际货物运输
国际货物运输包括海洋运输、陆上运输、航空运输、江河运输、邮包运输等方式，其中海洋运输占最大比重.
International Cargo Transportation
International transportation includes ocean transportation, rail transportation, air transportation, river transportation and postal transportation, etc. Among all, the ocean transportation accounts for the largest proportion.
International Cargo Transportation
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共同海损
在海洋运输途中，当船舶、货物或其他财产遭遇共同危险时，为了解除共同危险，有意采取合理的救难措施，所直接造成的特殊牺牲和支付的特殊费用，称为共同海损。
General Average (GA)
It is a loss resulting from some particular sacrifice or expenditure, incurred by the captain in time of emergency danger for the common benefit of all the parties concerned.
General Average (GA)
It is a loss resulting from some particular sacrifice or expenditure, incurred by the captain in time of emergency danger for the common benefit of all the parties concerned.
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其他附加险
包括六种险：交货不到险(Failure to Deliver Risk)、进口关税险(Import Duty Risk)、舱面货物险(On Deck Risk)、拒收险(Rejection Risk)、黄曲霉素险(Aflatoxin Risk)、出口货物到香港（包括九龙在内）或澳门存仓火险(Warehouse Fire Risk)。
Other Additional Risks
It is constitued by six additional risks, Failure to Deliver Risk, Import Duty Risk, On Deck Risk, Rejection Risk, Aflatoxin Risk and Warehouse Fire Risk.
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特殊附加险
包括战争险(War Risk)、罢工险(Strikes Risk)。
Special Additional Risk
It includes War Risk and Strikes Risk.
Special Additional Risk
It includes War Risk and Strikes Risk.
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一般附加险
承保一般外来原因引起的货物损失，亦称普通附加险，它们包括在一切险之中。若投保了一切险，就无须另行加保。若投保了平安险或水渍险，则由被保险人根据货物特性和运输条件选择一种或几种附加险，经与保险人协议加保。
一般附加险有下列11种险别：偷窃、提货不着险(Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery Risk, T.P.N.D.)，淡水雨淋险(Fresh Water &/or Rain Damage Risk, FWRD)，混杂、玷污险(Risk of Intermixture and Contamination)，短量险(Risk of Shortage)，渗漏险(Risk of Leakage)，碰损、破碎险(Risk of Clash and Breakage)，受潮、受热险(Sweating and Heating Risk)，钩损险(Hook Damage)，串味险(Risk of Odour)，包装破裂险(Breakage of Packing Risk)，绣损险(Risk of Rust)。
General Additional Risk
General Additional Risk, which is covered in the all risks, underwrites losses caused by general extraneous reasons. There is no need to select GAR if goods are insured against all risks. However, if FPA or WPA is chosen, then the insured can add one or more additional risks according to the nature of good as well as the transportation condition after negotiation with with insurer.
There are 11 types of general additional risks, including Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery Risk, (T.P.N.D.), Fresh Water &/or Rain Damage Risk(FWRD), Risk of Intermixture and Contamination, Risk of Shortage, Risk of Leakage, Risk of Clash and Breakage, Sweating and Heating Risk, Hook Damage, Risk of Odour, Breakage of Packing Risk and Risk of Rust.
General Additional Risk
General Additional Risk, which is covered in the all risks, underwrites losses caused by general extraneous reasons. There is no need to select GAR if goods are insured against all risks. However, if FPA or WPA is chosen, then the insured can add one or more additional risks according to the nature of good as well as the transportation condition after negotiation with with insurer.
There are 11 types of general additional risks, including Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery Risk, (T.P.N.D.), Fresh Water &/or Rain Damage Risk(FWRD), Risk of Intermixture and Contamination, Risk of Shortage, Risk of Leakage, Risk of Clash and Breakage, Sweating and Heating Risk, Hook Damage, Risk of Odour, Breakage of Packing Risk and Risk of Rust.
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附加险别
附加险是不能单独成立的投保险别，必须附在基本险之上，只有投保了基本险才能投附加险。别包括一般附加险和特殊附加险。
Additional Risks
Additional Risks are so called because they cannot be insured on their own and can ony be selected when one or more of the basic risks have been chosen. Additional risks consist of general additional risks and special additional risks.
Additional Risks
Additional Risks are so called because they cannot be insured on their own and can ony be selected when one or more of the basic risks have been chosen. Additional risks consist of general additional risks and special additional risks
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一切险
保险公司除承担水渍险的各项赔偿责任外，还对被保险货物在运输途中由于一般外来风险造成的全部或部分损失负责赔偿。
All Risks (AR)
It includes WPA and the total or partial losses caused by general additional risks.
All Risks (AR)
It includes WPA and the total or partial losses caused by general additional risks.
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水渍险
水渍险包括平安险的各项责任，还对被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害所造成的部分损失负赔偿责任。
WPA/ WA
With Average(WA) or With Particular Average(WPA). WPA provides coverage for the FPA and the partial losses caused by natural calamities including bad weather, thundering, tusnami, earthquake and flood, etc.
WPA/ WA
With Average(WA) or With Particular Average(WPA). WPA provides coverage for the FPA and the partial losses caused by natural calamities including bad weather, thundering, tusnami, earthquake and flood, etc.
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平安险
保险公司主要对自然灾害造成的全部损失和对意外事故造成的全部损失以及部分损失予以赔偿。此外，对于海上意外事故发生前后，由于自然灾害造成的部分损失也予以赔偿。
Free from Particular Average (FPA)
FPA means that the insurer is free from being claimed for the loss of the particular average caused by natural calamities. That is to say, the insurer wil indemnify total loss due to sea risks, general average due to sea risks and particular average due to accident.
Free from Particular Average (FPA)
FPA means that the insurer is free from being claimed for the loss of the particular average caused by natural calamities. That is to say, the insurer wil indemnify total loss due to sea risks, general average due to sea risks and particular average due to accident.
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基本险
也叫主险，中国人民保险公司所规定的基本险别包括平安险、水渍险和一切险。
Basic Risks
Basic Risks, or Chief Risks, can be divided into three groups, FP, WPA/WA, and all risks as prescribed by PICC.
Basic Risks
Basic Risks, or Chief Risks, can be divided into three groups, FP, WPA/WA, and all risks as prescribed by PICC.
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单独海损
保险标的在运输过程中遭遇海上风险直接造成船舶或货物的部分损失，属于这种特定利益方的部分损失，即为单独海损。
Particular Average (PA)
It is a loss resulting from the damage accidentally occasioned by some perils insured against, namely the partial loss except general average, which is sustained exclusively by the person upon whom the damage falls.
Particular Average (PA)
It is a loss resulting from the damage accidentally occasioned by some perils insured against, namely the partial loss except general average, which is sustained exclusively by the person upon whom the damage falls.
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海上风险
海上风险仅指自然灾害和意外事故，不包括海上的一切风险。
Perils of Sea
Perils of Sea include the natural calamities and fortuitous accidents, but not all the perils of sea.
Perils of Sea
Perils of Sea include the natural calamities and fortuitous accidents, but not all the perils of sea.
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部分损失
在海洋运输途中，当保险标的发生承保范围内的损失，凡不属于实际全损和推定全损，即属部分损失。按损失性质不同，可分为单独海损和共同海损。
Partial Loss
It implies some of the goods are lost or the goods are partially damaged but still have some value. Partial loss includes general average and particular average.
Partial Loss
It implies some of the goods are lost or the goods are partially damaged but still have some value. Partial loss includes general average and particular average.
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推定全损
是指货物发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已不可避免，或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用与将继续将货物运至目的地的费用之和，将超过保险价值的损失。
Constructive Total Loss
Constructive Total Loss arises when the actual total loss cannot be avoided, or when the cargo is so damaged that its repairing will cost more than its original value.
Constructive Total Loss
Constructive Total Loss arises when the actual total loss cannot be avoided, or when the cargo is so damaged that its repairing will cost more than its original value.
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实际全损
是指保险标的发生保险事故后灭失，或者受到严重损坏完全失去原有形体、效用，或者不能再归被保险人所拥有。
Actual Total Loss
Actual Total Loss refers to the insurance goods are actually totally lost caused by insurance accidents. It may be badly damged and completely lost its original shap and usage, or cannot be restored to the insured.
Actual Total Loss
Actual Total Loss refers to the insurance goods are actually totally lost caused by insurance accidents. It may be badly damged and completely lost its original shap and usage, or cannot be restored to the insured.
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全部损失
简称全损，是指运输途中的货物全部灭失，或完全变质，或不可能归还被保险人。
Total Loss
It implies all the goods are lost or become worthless in transit. Total loss includes actual total loss and constructive total loss.
Total Loss
It implies all the goods are lost or become worthless in transit. Total loss includes actual total loss and constructive total loss.
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海上损失
简称海损，是指被保险物在海运过程中由于各类灾害所造成的损失或灭失。就货物损失的程度而言，可分为全部损失和部分损失。
Average
Average is the loss of insurance subject sufferes during the voyage. It may be caused by natural calamities such as storm, huage waves, thundering, tusnami, flood, etc., or by fortuitous accidents such as the vessel is grounded, on the rocks, sunk, crashed, capsized, etc. The average can be divided into total loss and partial loss.
Average
Average is the loss of insurance subject sufferes during the voyage. It may be caused by natural calamities such as storm, huage waves, thundering, tusnami, flood, etc., or by fortuitous accidents such as the vessel is grounded, on the rocks, sunk, crashed, capsized, etc. The average can be divided into total loss and partial loss.
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外来风险
是指外来原因引起的损失，如偷窃、雨淋、钩损、战争、罢工、暴动等造成的风险。
Extraneous Risks
Extraneous Risks are losses from extraneous reasons, such as theft, rain, hook damage, war, strike, riot, etc.
Extraneous Risks
Extraneous Risks are losses from extraneous reasons, such as theft, rain, hook damage, war, strike, riot, etc.
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意外事故
是指非意料中的原因或不可抗拒的原因，如搁浅、触礁、碰撞、沉没等造成的事故。
Fortuitous Accidents
Fortuitous Accidents are accidents caused by unexpected or irresistible reasons, such as grounding, stranding, collision, sinking, etc.
Fortuitous Accidents
Fortuitous Accidents are accidents caused by unexpected or irresistible reasons, such as grounding, stranding, collision, sinking, etc.
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自然灾害
是指由非常的自然力量，如恶劣气候、暴风雨、雷电、海啸、洪水、地震等造成的灾害。
Natural Calamities
Natural Calamities refer to diasters caused by the unusual natural forces, such as bad weather, storm, thundering, tusnami, flood, earthquake, etc.
Natural Calamities
Natural Calamities refer to diasters caused by the unusual natural forces, such as bad weather, storm, thundering, tusnami, flood, earthquake, etc.
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海洋货物运输保险
海洋货物运输保险是保险人以海上运输的货物为保险标的，当货物在运输过程中发生自然灾害和意外事故造成的经济损失负赔偿责任的保险。
Marine Cargo Transportation Insurance
Marine cargo transportation insurance is the insurance that the underwriter takes the carriage of goods by sea as the insurance subject, and liable for economic losses caused by natural disasters and fortuitous accidents during transportation.